毛瓣金花茶花朵中化学成分及生理活性物质分析

Analysis of chemical components and physiological active substances in flowers of Camellia pubipetala

目的为毛瓣金花茶花朵的开发利用提供科学依据。方法采用分光光度法、氨基酸自动分析仪、等离子体发射光谱仪等测定毛瓣金花茶花朵中营养成分、生理活性物质、氨基酸和矿质元素含量。结果毛瓣金花茶花朵中总糖(24.20%)和粗纤维(15.40%)含量较高,粗脂肪(0.48%)和灰分(3.52%)含量较低;花朵中黄酮类物质、茶多酚、皂苷、咖啡碱、多糖和维生素C含量分别为6.68%、13.00%、5.67%、0.32%、3.37%和70.50mg/100g,其中茶多酚含量明显高于金花茶和其它茶花花朵;氨基酸总量为4.62%,其中以谷氨酸、门冬氨酸、赖氨酸和亮氨酸的含量较高,EAA(必需氨基酸)/TAA(总氨基酸)为37.88%,EAA/NEAA(非必需氨基酸)为60.98%,达到FAO/WHO标准;常量元素以K含量最高,达14.0g/kg,其次为Ca、P、Mg,Na含量最低,微量元素Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu含量较为丰富,Mn、V、Mo等明显高于金花茶。结论毛瓣金花茶花朵具有一定的开发利用价值。

Objective To provide a scientific basis for development and utilization of Camellia pubipetala flowers. Methods In this study,the contents of nutritional compositions,physiological active components,amino acids and mineral elements in flowers of C. pubipetala were analyzed by spectrophotometer,plasma atomic emission spectrometry,and automatic amino-acid analyzer.Results The results showed that the contents of total sugar（ 24. 20%） and crude fiber（ 15. 40%） in C. pubipetala flowers were higher,while the crude fat（ 0. 48%） and ash（ 3. 52%） contents were lower. The contents of total flavonoid,tea polyphenol,saponin,caffeine,polysaccharose and vitamin C in C. pubipetala flowers were 6. 68%,13. 00%,5. 67%,0. 32%,3. 37% and70. 50 mg /100 g respectively,and the tea polyphenol content was significantly higher than that of C. nitidissima and other Camellia flowers. The content of total amino acids in C. nitidissima flowers was 4. 62%,of which the glutamate,aspartate,lysine and leucine contents were higher. The EAA（ essential amino acids） / TAA（ total amino acids） was 37. 88%,and EAA / NEAA（ non-essential amino acids） was 60. 98%,which achieved the FAO / WHO standard. Among the macroelements,the content of K was the highest,up to 14. 0 g / kg,followed by Ca,P,Mg,and the Na content was the lowest. While among microelements,the Fe,Mn,Zn,Cu contents were relatively high,and Mn,V and Mo in C. pubipetala flowers were significantly higher than that of C.nitidissima flowers. Conclusion This study showed that the flowers of C. pubipetala could be used for exploitation and utilization.