中国语境下的“宪法实施”:一项概念史的考察

Implementation of Constitution in the Context of China:A Study of the Conceptual History

"宪法实施"是一个具有中国特色的宪法学基本范畴。从概念的源流与演变来看,民国时期的宪法学说和苏联国家法学说是两个重要的理论渊源。回顾近代以来的宪法学说史,"宪法实施"概念整体上体现了一种变法思维,即通过实施宪法来建立新的法律和政治秩序。受此观念影响,宪法实施也是一个具有高度政治性的概念,宪法实施更多的是依靠政治化的方式。即,通过政治动员提高民众的宪法观念,进而实施宪法。这种"宪法实施"概念不仅可以追溯到民国时期的宪法理论,同时与社会主义新宪法秩序的建构也有暗合之处。

Implementation of Constitution is one of the basic categories of constitutional jurisprudence with Chinese characteristics. From a perspective of origin and development, the constitutional theory in the Republican period and law theory of the countries of the former Soviet Union are the two crucial theoretical sources. Looking back on the history of constitutional theory since modern times, it can be seen that the concept of Implementation of Constitution, on the whole, reflects a mode of thinking of political reform, namely, establishing a new legal and political order by implementing the constitution. From such point of view, Implementation of Constitution is of political significance, which relies heavily on political ways. In other words, the constitutional idea is to be enhanced by political mobilization so as to implement the constitution. This concept of Implementation of Constitution not only has a theoretical basis, which is formed in the Republican period, but also complies with the construction of new socialist constitutional order.