张爱玲小说的深层结构——基于格雷马斯行动元及语义矩阵理论视角下《花凋》的研究

The Deep Structure of Zhang Ailing's Novels— A Study of Flower Withers from the Perspective of Greimas' s Action Element and Semantic Matrix

张爱玲小说的深层结构是非常值得关注和思考的问题,格雷马斯提出了叙事程序、行动元、语义矩阵等理论和概念,成为揭示张爱玲的作品的深层结构一个有效的工具。本文以张爱玲的小说短篇小说《花凋》作为分析的范本,分析《花凋》中四个叙事程序阶段,即产生欲望或愿望阶段、具备实现欲望的能力阶段、实现目标阶段以及得到奖赏阶段。《花凋》中行动元关系表现为:主体(郑川嫦)与客体(章云藩)关系,发送者(郑川嫦的母亲及姐姐)与接收者(郑川嫦)之间的关系,支持者(缺失)与反对者(郑川嫦的父亲母亲以及姐姐们、郑川嫦身体上的病、郑川嫦主观能动性的消失)之间的关系。并建立《花凋》的施动关系结构图。《花凋》的深层结构则表现为生与死的对立,自由与禁锢的对立等。

The deep structure of Zhang Ailing＇s novels is worthy of attention. Greimas put forward the theory and concepts of narrative program,action element,semantic matrix,and so on,which is an effective tool for revealing the deep structure of Zhang Ailing＇s works. In the paper,four narrative procedures in Zhang＇s novel of Flower Withers are analyzed： having the desire,having the ability to achieve the desire,achieving the goal and reward stage. The actantial relations are： subject（ Zheng Chuanchang） and object（ Zhang Yunfan）,sender（ Zheng Chuanchang＇s mother and sister） and receiver（ Zheng Chuanchang） and supporter（ missing） and opponent（ Zheng Chuanchang＇s mother,father,sisters,disease and his initiative disappearance）. The deep structure of Flower Withers shows the conflict between living and death,freedom and imprisonment,etc.