电网遭遇震害的应对措施与优化设计

Investigation on Seismic Damage and Response Measures for Power Grid Based on Earthquakes

四川汶川和雅安地震造成四川电网大量电力设施损坏,导致供电一度中断,并给社会各界的地震抢险带来巨大困难。文章首先总结了四川两次地震的特点,并统计了地震中电力设施破坏的具体情况,发现细而长的绝缘瓷套管在地震中损坏最严重,输电线路和杆塔则受地震影响较小。其次,在充分调研的基础上分析了地震中电力设施损坏的原因,认为导致地震对电网巨大破坏力的主要因素包括:抗震设计标准不够,绝缘部分的瓷柱式结构,以及部分建筑物和设备年代久远。最后,提出我国电网今后应完善地震应急和快速恢复机制,提高电力设备与建筑物抗震可靠性,并优化变电站选址与高压输电线路路径等一系列应对措施,为提升电网的抗震能力和运行可靠性提供了有益参考。

Large amounts of electrical facilitieswere damaged during Wenchuan earthquake and Ya＇an earthquake in Sichuan province,which resulted in a period of power supply interruption.In addition,it also brought about huge difficulties for the earthquake rescue of all sectors of society.This paper firstly summarized the characteristics of Wenchuan earthquake and Ya＇an earthquake.The details of the damaged electrical facilities were also analyzed.It could be found that insulating porcelain bushings with thin and long structure suffer the worst destruction in the earthquakes,while the transmission lines and towers are less influenced.Secondly,the main causes of equipment damage in earthquakes were analyzed based on sufficient investigations,in which inadequate aseismic design standard,porcelain-column type insulation structures,and antique equipment and constructions are the major factors to generate tremendous destructions of earthquake on power grid.Finally,a series of response measures such as improvement of earthquake emergency plan and rapid recovery,enhancement of anti-seismic reliability of equipment and constructions and optimization of substation locations and transmission paths are proposed for power grid.The investigations in this paper would provide valuable references for improvement of anti-seismic capability and operation reliability of power grid.