不同施肥处理对富士苹果产量、品质及耐贮性的影响

Effect of different fertilization on apple yield,fruit quality and storage duration of Fuji apple

为探讨渭北旱塬不同施肥处理对富士苹果产量、果实品质及耐贮性的影响,通过连续3年(2010—2013年)的田间试验,比较5种不同施肥处理(MNPK、NPK、PK、NK、NP)对苹果产量、品质、贮藏性能及土壤养分变化的影响。同时分析不同处理苹果生产成本和经济效益。结果显示:不同施肥处理,3年平均产量顺序为MNPK>NPK>NP≥NK>PK,MNPK处理苹果产量为41.14t/hm2,年均产值为23.87万元/hm2,较NPK处理增产7.77%,纯收益增加1.93万元/hm2。随着贮藏时间的延迟,所有处理果实硬度均呈逐渐下降趋势,贮藏末期果实软化率分别为18.33%(MNPK)、19.86%(NPK)、26.86%(PK)、28.15%(NK)、23.44%(NP);可溶性固形物含量呈逐渐增大,贮藏一定时间后基本保持稳定。可滴定酸及维生素C含量随贮藏时间延迟呈逐渐降低趋势。同时期内MNPK和NPK处理果实耐贮品质优于其他处理。果实的失重率和腐烂率随贮藏时间推移不断增加,NP和NK处理腐烂率较高,分别达13.11%和12.29%。土壤有机质变化则主要表现在MNPK和NPK处理的表层土壤,3年有机质含量分别提高了13.6%和9.2%。

To evaluate the effect of different fertilization on apple yield,fruit quality and storage duration of Fuji apple and provide theoretical basis for high-efficient production of apple and fresh-keeping technology of Fuji apple fruit.A 3year field experiment of five different treatments with three replications,i.e.,half inorganic N,P,K combined with half swine manure（MNPK）,inorganic N,P and K（NPK）,inorganic P and K（PK）,inorganic N and K（NK）and inorganic N and P（NP）from 2010 to 2013was conducted.The apple yield,fruit quality,storage enduranceat and soil organic matter content of each treatment was compared.The results indicated that apple yield decreased in the order：MNPK〉NPK〉NP≥NK〉PK.Under MNPK treatment,the apple yield was 41.14t/hm^2 and the average annual production was 238.7thousand yuan/hm^2.Compared with NPK treatment,the yied and average annual production of NMPK treatment were increased by 7.77% and 19.3% thousand yuan/hm^2 respectivly.With the prolongation of storage period,the contents of titratable acidity and vitamin C of all treatments were declined gradually.And,the soluble solid content of all treatments ware increased gradually at the initial period of storage,keptstable at later storage.During storage period,fruit firmness of all treatments was declined gradually,which were 18.33%,19.86%,26.86%,28.15% and 23.44%in MNPK NPK PK NK and NP treatments respectively.Meanwhile the ratio of rotten apples was 13.11% in NP and12.29%in NK treatment.Soil organic matter increased by 13.6% and 9.2%respectively in MNPK and NPK treatments after 3year field experiment in 0-20 cmsoil layer.