自然因素影响下密云县河西小流域居民点空间分布特点及人居适宜性特征

The spatial distribution characteristic of rural residential areas and characteristics of the human settlement suitability under the influence of natural factors in Miyun River Basin

为更好地把握燕山脚下关隘民居的分布规律,使当地新农村建设的居民点规划更为合理,运用ArcGIS空间分析技术,选取高程、坡度、坡向、河流4个指标因子,使用多指标综合评价法和层次分析法,结合景观生态学的景观指数分析,研究了自然因素对密云县河西小流域居民点空间分布的影响及人居适宜性特征。结果显示：河西小流域居民点在高程30-65m,坡度0°-6°,坡向为平地或正南方向,距离河流为300-500m的居民点分布最多,其分布指数也处于优势区间;居民点斑块总体离散程度大,局部离散程度小。研究表明：河西小流域居民点总体呈现大散居,小聚居的分布格局,居民点宜在河流两旁一定距离的低海拔,低坡度的平原区集中布设。

To gain a better understanding of the distribution of houses at the foot of Yanshan pass,and construct more reasonable new rural residential planning,the influence of geological factors including altitude,slope,exposure and river towards spacial distribution and suitability of the human settlement were conducted by using ArcGIS spacial analysis technology.Multi-index test and Analgtic Hierarchy Process were combined with landscape metrics of landscape ecology.The result show：West small watershed residential elevation is between 30 mto 65m,slope is between 0to 6degree and its exposure is flat or due south direction.Most of the residents are localized 300-500 mfrom river,whose distribution index also in dominant range;the total discrete degree of residential patches is large,and the local dispersion is small.The study demonstrates that Hexi small watershed residents generally show a large diaspora and small settlements in the distribution pattern.residents should be settled in a certain distance from the river on both sides at low altitude,plain area with low slope.