整体主义视角下有限公司对外转让股权的制度重构

System Reconstruction of Equity Transfer Outside of LLC from the Perspective of Collectivism

有限责任公司股东向公司外第三人转让股权涉及转让人、其他股东和公司外第三人的多方利益,并且这些利益应当以一定价值序列的形式暗含于制度设计当中,以此保障整体主义视角下的经济效率。《公司法》第71条第2、3款虽明确保证有限责任公司封闭性特点,即满足股权转让人退出公司和其他股东的购买机会,但"书面通知义务"和"不同意股东应当购买"的强制购买义务却实际上将公司外第三人进入公司的可能性压缩殆尽,并客观上损害着转让人与公司外第三人的利益。于是,借助限缩性法律解释的方法,建议对在"书面通知"之前的股权转让协议实行附条件的制式合同,并在第71条第3款的"股东同意"内涵中排除该条第2款中两种"视为同意"的情形,以及强制购买义务人需要满足优先购买权的"同等条件"。

The interests of the equity transfer of LLC is related to the transferor,other shareholders and the outsider,which should be implied in the corporate law in the form of value sequence to protect the economic efficiency. Although items No. 2,3 of Artice72 in corporate law maintains the closure of LLC,including the opportunity of transfer and other shareholders,the duty of written notice and compulsory purchase reduces the chance of outsiders,which damages the interest of transferor and the company actually. As a result,standardized conditional contract is suggested. The agreement in item No. 3 excluding two situations regarded as agreement in item No. 2 and the compulsory purchaser meeting the same condition becomes a feature of the legal interpretation.