近代中国的商会与市民社会

The Chambers of Commerce and Civil Society in Modern China

市民社会与公共领域的出现被认为是传统社会实现现代化过程中的重要标志,也是现代国家实现有效治理和政治参与的基本平台。以近代中国商会发展为研究对象,可见19世纪60年代到20世纪30年代中国国家与社会关系的历史变迁,以及近代中国市民社会产生发展与衰落的历史进程。伴随着国家能力与社会自主性的消长,近代中国的民间组织与社团获得了空前的独立性发展,从而形成了国家主导的市民社会,它的存在和发展是与国家、社会二者在旧秩序丧失之后重塑社会结构的努力分不开的。

The emergence of civil society and public sphere is considered to be a sign of the modernization from a traditional society to a modern society,and it is also a basic platform of effective governance and political participation for a modern state. This paper analyzes the development of the Chambers of Commerce in modern China,to explore the historical changes of state- society relationship from 1860 s to 1930 s,and describe the historical process of the development and decline of the civil society in modern China. With the dynamics of capacity and autonomy between state and society,the folk organizations represented by the Chambers of Commerce gained unprecedented independence. In this case,it formed a state-led civil society,and its existence and development is inseparable from the efforts to restore the social order in modern China.