试析中西科技发展的差异及成因(1500-1900年)

An Analysis of the Differences and Causes of the Development of Chinese and Western Science and Technology(1500—1900)

科学技术是推动现代生产力发展的重要力量。由于地域、文化、信仰、观念等方方面面的因素,中西科学技术发展的道路、方式和进程大不相同。英国著名科学史家李约瑟提出的"李约瑟难题"被很多学者热烈讨论过。中国明清时期的封建政治制度对科技发展缺乏推动力,经济与科学关系不够紧密,社会各方面因素不够包容来接受新事物以及传统文化保守和不够开放进取,让原本在古代远远领先的中国科学固步自封,最终在近代被西方科学超越。

Science and technology is an important power to promote the development of modern productive forces. Due to the factors of region,culture,religion,concept and so on,the way and process of Chinese science and technology development is different from the western one. The Needham Puzzle proposed by the famous British historian of science Joseph Needham has been heatedly discussed among scholars. The feudal political system in Ming and Qing Dynasties of China lacked the motivation for the development of science and technology,and the relation between economy and science was not close enough,and the various social factors were not tolerant to accept new things,and the conservative traditional culture was not open and enterprising enough. All these led the Chinese science which kept ahead in the ancient times to be unable to move forward,and it eventually fell behind the western science in modern times.