右美托咪定给药途径的研究进展

Research progress on administration routes of dexmedetomidine

背景右美托咪定（dexmedetomidine，Dex）是一种新型高选择性α2肾上腺素能受体激动剂，具有镇静、镇痛、抗焦虑及抗交感等作用，在临床上应用已很广泛，其给药途径也趋于多样化。目的对有关Dex的论著进行归纳总结，以探讨其给药方式的应用前景。内容阐述Dex复合局部麻醉药应用于椎管内、外周神经及关节腔的安全性以及对局部麻醉药作用效果的影响，评价通过静脉注射、口服、肌内注射、皮下、鼻腔及直肠等途径给药的安全性及有效性。趋向Dex给药途径多样化在临床应用中具有广阔的前景。

Background Dexmedetomidine （Dex） is a novel and highly selective α2 adrenoceptor agonist with sedative, analgesic, anxiolytic and antisympathetic properties. It is applied widely in clinic and tends to be diversified on administration route. Objective To review and summarize the relevant studies and to discuss the application prospect of Dex on administration route. Content We elucidated the safety of Dex and the influence of local anesthetic effect on spinal canal, peripheral nerve and intra- articular. In addition, we also evaluated the safety and validity of drug delivery by intravenous, oral, intramuscular injection, subcutaneous, intranasal and rectal. Trend Dex has a broad prospect in clinical application because of diversity on administration route.