长航官兵原发性高血压患病情况及相关危险因素研究

The prevalence and risk factors of essential hypertension in long-term sailor of navy

目的研究长航官兵原发性高血压的患病情况及相关危险因素。方法选择305名长航官兵为研究对象，男199例，女106例。于长航8周后进行问卷调查，收回有效问卷的人数292人，男191人，女101人。长航8周后观察原发性高血压的患病情况并对各部门患病率进行比较，采用Logistic回归进行危险因素分析，根据危险因素分析结果制定相应的预防策略。结果长航8周后原发性高血压患病率为9．6％；根据工作强度大小划分，后勤部门和航海部门工作强度小，长航8周后合并计算患病率为8．8％；机电部门和炊管部门工作强度大，长航8周后合并计算患病率为11．5％，差异无统计学意义（＊P〉0．05，x^2=O．52）；采用单因素Logistic回归分析各因素对原发性高血压发病的影响，发现精神压力大、年龄、BWI、家族史、高盐饮食、吸烟与原发性高血压关系密切，P〈0．05。结论长航8周后原发性高血压患病率较高，工作强度大的部门与工作强度小的部门原发性高血压患病率比较无统计学意义。精神压力大、年龄、BWI、家族史、高盐饮食、吸烟为原发性高血压的危险因素，应根据以上危险因素制定相应的预防策略。

Objective To investigate the prevalence and the risk factors of essential hypertension in long-term sailor of navy. Methods A total of 305 subjects （199 male and 106 female） were included in the study. The survey was conducted 8 weeks after the long-term voyage. A total of 292 valid answers were collected （191 male and 101 female） for analysis. The risk factor analysis was compelled by Logistic Regression. Results The prevalence of essential hypertension was 9.6% at 8 weeks respectively. It revealed a low incidence of 8.8% in logistic and nautical departments due to a low work load and a high incidence of 11.5% in mechanical services department and catering department for a reason of high work load. However, the difference didn＇ t carry out any statistical meaning （ap〉 0.05, X2=0.52）. The results of logistic regression demonstrated a significant correlation between essential hypertension and mental stress, age, BWI, family history, high-salt diet, and smoking （P〈O.05）. Conclusion The high prevalence of essential hypertension in the sailors was found to be correlated with mental stress, age, BWI, family history, high-salt diet, and smoking. A strategic prevention plan shah be made based on the factors found.