海口市创伤流行病学特征调查研究

Analysis of epidemiological characteristics of traumatic patients in Haikou City

目的分析海口市创伤流行病学特征，为海南国际旅游岛创伤的预防和救治提供客观依据。方法建立急诊创伤患者流行病学登记表格，收集2011年1月1日～2012年12月31日期间海南医学院附属医院、海南省人民医院、海口市人民医院、海南省农垦总医院4家医院创伤患者的流行病学资料。结果共收集创伤患者9904例，男、女性别比例为2．01：1，年龄范围O一102岁，平均年龄（41．56±48．56）岁；创伤人群主要集中在20～49岁之间，≥60岁老年人占有重要比例；创伤高发职业人群依次为农民、工人；受伤时间在全年时间分布上，10月-1月份创伤高发，5月份最高，24h内11：00—13：00，18：00—19：00，23：00～03：00时间段创伤高发；创伤患者致伤原因依次为车祸伤、跌倒伤、锐器伤、坠落伤；创伤部位最多见于四肢，其次为头面部；创伤严重程度评分，ISS≤16（轻伤）占92．07％，ISS〉16（重伤）占7．93％；院前转运方式通过私家车比例最高，其次为120、出租车、警车。院外时间0-0．5h之间占14．30％，0．5-1h之间占54．06％，1-2h之间占17．40％，院外时间〉2h占12．24％。结论海口市创伤发生的时间规律与其他地区不同，电动车事故在交通事故中占有重要比例，政府和医疗机构应该针对性的制定科学的预防与救治措施。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of traumatic patients, and provide reference for establishing effective trauma prevention and treatment in Hainan International Tourism Island. Methods A dedicated survey record was established, and the epidemiological information of which patients received medical service at trauma center in four hospitals in between Jan. 1,2011 and Dec. 31, 2012 was collected for the analysis. Results In a total of 9,904 trauma cases collected, it reflected following characteristics： male/female ratio of 2.01：1, with an age range of 0 to 102 years old with an average age of 41.56±48.56 years old; majority of the patients＇ age between 20 to 49 years old; however, with the considerable high proportion of patients over 60 years old; the patients＇ occupations were revealed as farmers before workers. The three peaks period of trauma occurred during a day every day were 11： 00-13：00, 18：00~19：00; and 23：00-03：00. May was the month in which injury occurred the most. The leading cause of injury was traffic accident, followed by fall, sharp, fall from height. The limbs injury was the leading trauma parts of the body, then head and facial injuries. The patients （ISS≤16） were accounted for 92.07%, the severe patients accounted for （7.93%）. The most trauma patients were transported by private vehicle （43%）, then by 120 （29%）, and by taxi （24%）. 14.30% of the patients was sent into hospital in 0-0.5 hour, 54.06% in 0.5-1h, 17.40% in 1-2h. Conclusion The time pattern of which trauma occurs in Haikou City is different from others. Among them, the trauma caused with electric-bike takes a big proportion. It suggests that the authorities and medical services develop effective strategic prevention and measures.