进口粮谷中农药残留状况普查与分析

Survey and analysis for pesticide residues in the imported grain

目的根据各进口国粮谷样品农药残留检出情况,确立进口粮谷中重点监测的农药残留品种和评估潜在的农药残留风险。方法采用修改的GB/T 19649-2006和GB/T 20770-2008方法,对粮谷主要进口口岸青岛、深圳和秦皇岛在2010~2014年期间进口的62例大豆、62例大麦和28例大米样品进行了690种农药残留检测,共获得104880个检测数据。结果来自6个进口国的62例大豆样品均未检出农药残留。来自3个进口国的62例大麦样品中,有8例样品检出5种农药,检出率12.9%;其中检出1种农药的样品占4.8%,检出2种农药的样品占6.5%,检出3种农药的样品占1.6%;检出的农药残留水平在10~1000μg/kg范围的占检出总数的85.7%,大于1000μg/kg占检出总数的14.3%。来自6个进口国的28例大米样品中,有5例样品检出5种农药,检出率17.9%;其中检出1种农药的样品占14.3%,检出2种农药的样品占3.6%;检出的农药残留水平低于10μg/kg占检出总数的50.0%,大于10μg/kg占检出总数的50.0%。大麦和大米样品中检出的农药品种为低毒农药的均占80%,检出的农药为中毒农药的均占20%。按照中国最大残留限量（MRL）标准衡量,只有1例大麦样品检出的溴氰菊酯超出标准要求;按照欧盟MRL标准衡量,4例大麦样品检出的杀螟硫磷超出标准要求;按照日本MRL标准衡量,没有样品检出超标农药。结论我国进口粮谷的农药残留检出率低于10%。农药残留水平处于安全水平。但同时也应当加强溴氰菊酯、杀螟硫磷、甲基嘧啶磷、毒死蜱、甲基毒死蜱、丙环唑、嘧菌酯、增效醚的检测,特别是溴氰菊酯和杀螟硫磷农药残留的监控,以保障消费者的食品安全。

Objective To identify the key varieties of monitoring pesticide and evaluate the potential risk of pesticide residue in imported grain,according to the status of pesticide residues in imported grain samples.Methods The imported 62 samples of soybean,62 samples of barley and 28 samples of rice from main grain import ports,such as Qingdao,Shenzhen and Qinhuangdao in 2010-2014 were determined by revised GB/T19649-2006 and GB/T 20770-2008 method for 690 kinds of pesticide residue and a total of 104880 testing data were obtained.Results Sixty-two samples of soybean from 6 importing countries had not been detected pesticide residues.Eight samples in the 62 samples of barley from 3 importing countries had been checked out5 kinds of pesticides,with the detection rate of 12.9%,therein 1 kind of pesticide detected in samples of 4.8%,2 kinds of pesticides detected in samples of 6.5%,and 3 pesticides detected in samples of 1.6%;pesticide residue levels detected in the range of 10~1000 μg/kg was accounted for 85.7%of the total number of detected,greater than 1000 μg/kg detected was accounted for 14.3%of the total.Five samples in 28 samples of rice from6 importing countries had been checked out 5 kinds of pesticides,with the detection rate of 17.9%,therein 1kind of pesticide detected in samples of 14.3%,2 kinds of pesticides detected in samples of 3.6%;pesticide residue levels detected in less than 10 μg/kg and greater than 10 μg/kg were both accounted for 50.0%of the total.Pesticides detected in samples of barley and rice was low toxicity pesticides,accounting for 80%,and moderately toxic pesticides accounting for 20%.According to China maximum residue limits（MRL） standards,only 1 sample of barley was beyond the standard requirements of deltamethrin;according to EU MRL standards,4 samples of barley were beyond the standard requirements of fenitrothion;and according to Japanese MRL standards,no sample was beyond the standard requirements.Conclusion Pesticide residue detection rate of imported grain is less than 10%.Pesticide residue levels are at safe levels.But the detection of deltamethrin,fenitrothion,pirimiphos-methyl,chlorpyrifos,chlorpyrifos-methyl,propiconazole,azoxystrobin,piperonyl butoxide,especially deltamethrin and fenitrothion should also be strengthened to ensure the food safety for consumers.