地表水环境污染物受体模型源解析研究与应用进展

Research and application progress of source apportionment in receptor model for surface water pollutant

当前地表水体污染问题严重,准确掌握污染物的来源并从源头上对污染物实施总量控制是实现污染源有效监管的技术依据,也是我国流域污染防治工作的重要技术支撑。在对国内外已有的水环境污染源解析技术归纳的基础上,着重对地表水污染物源解析受体模型中的成分/比值法、指纹图谱法、化学质量平衡模型和多元统计法等方法的研究和应用进展进行了详细阐述,并对国内外地表水污染物源解析技术存在的问题和应用前景进行了评述和展望,指出当前水环境源解析技术存在的主要问题为:现有源解析技术的局限性和约束条件难于满足,使得分析结果存在较大误差;污染源指纹谱不完整等现状制约了源解析的研究深度;特定区域污染源指纹谱的修订存在较多困难;现有模型仅反映过去时段对受体的贡献;源解析研究的目标污染物相对有限。对现有技术的完善与优化,各模型间的综合分析、耦合应用为当前研究的热点与发展趋势。

The surface water pollution is a serious problem.Mastering the water pollution source and controlling the total amount are the technical bases for achieving regulation of water pollution source,and can provide the necessary technical support for the surface water pollution control.In this paper,the surface water pollution source methods were summarized both in China and abroad.The research and application progresses of receptor model which was the more effective source apportionment model technology were discussed in detail,such as ratio method,fingerprint method,chemical mass balance method and multivariate statistical model.The existing problems and application prospect of surface water pollution source analysis technology were reviewed and prospected.It pointed out that the main problems of current source of water environment analytical technology were as follows：The research objectives of source parse pollutants were relatively limited;The complete technical system was lacking and the limitations of existing technology limited the rationalization of the source parse results;The incompleting of pollution source component spectrum and the existing monitoring means restricted the deep of source analytical research.It also put forward that the improvement and optimization for the existing technology as well as the multivariate analysis and coupling application were becoming a source of parsing technology development trend.The geographic information technology,engineering mathematics methods and the development of analysis monitoring technology will write a new page for water environment pollution source analytical research.