2005-2014年钦州市钦南区麻疹流行病学特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics of measles in Qinnan District of Qinzhou,Guangxi from 2005 to 2014

目的：分析钦州市钦南区2005-2014年麻疹流行病学特征和影响因素,为消除麻疹提供依据。方法：对钦州市钦南区麻疹发病及采取的预防控制措施进行描述流行病学分析;结果：钦南区2005-2014年麻疹平均发病率为3.13/10万（191例）,未见死亡病例。2005年11月出现暴发疫情并延续至2006年3月,因此年发病率最高,分别为19.62/10万和8.45/10万,2010-2012年没有病例发生;10年来麻疹发病呈现下降趋势,流行曲线与全国和广西相同,除2005年发病率高于全国和广西,2006年平全国及高于广西之外,其余8年均低于全国和广西;全年有明显的发病高峰,11月、12月和1月病例最多,占总数的50.78%,7月出现1个小高峰,受暴发疫情因素的影响,导致与全国和广西不一致;病例以散居儿童和男性为主;接受2剂含麻疹成份疫苗常规免疫的适龄儿童（即8~23月龄）病例只占26.18%,而〈8月龄、2~6岁、7~14岁、15~19岁、≥20岁麻疹病例分别占12.04%、34.55%、15.71%、3.14%和8.38%。在2014年全国和广西麻疹出现强势反弹度的情况下,钦南区仅是小幅度回升;结论：钦南区近10年消除麻疹成效显著。扎实做好常规免疫,结合开展麻疹强化免疫活动和应急接种,是消除麻疹可行的策略。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and influence factors of measles in Qinnan Dis- trict of Qinzhou, Guangxi from 2005 to 2014 and to provide a basis for the elimination of measles. Methods We made de- scriptive epidemiological analysis by collecting the incidence of measles and vaccination data from 2005 to 2014. Results The average incidence of measles was 3.13 / 100,000 （191 cases） from 2005 to 2014. There was no case of death. An epidemic situation broke out in November 2005 and lasted until March 2006, which resulted in the highest annual inci- dences （19.62/100,000 and 8. 45/100,000, respectively）, and no case occurred from 2010 to 2012. The measles inci- dence showed a trend of decline in the past decade,the epidemic curve of which was the same as that of the nation and Guangxi. The average incidence was lower that of the nation and Guangxi in 8 years, except in 2005 when the incidence was higher and in 2006 when the incidence was the same as that of the nation and higher than that of Guangxi. Cases concentrated in January, November and December each year, accounting for 50. Z8~ of the total. Because of the out- break,it was different from the nation and Guangxi in July. Cases were mainly scattered children and men. The cases of school--age children vaccinated 2 doses of measles vaccine accounted for only 26.18 %, while the cases of patients 8 months,2~6 years old,7~14 years old,15~19 years old,~20 years old were 12.04~,34.55~,15.71~//00,3.14%, 15.71~ respectively. There was only a slight rise of incidence in Qinnan District in 2014, while the incidences of the nation and Guangxi showed a strong rebound. Conclusions There has been a remarkable achievement in measles elimina- tion in Qinnan District in the past decade. So routine immunization combined with measles enhanced immunization and emergency vaccination is a viable strategy to eliminate measles.