山西曲沃3种类型日光温室热环境现状测试与分析

Thermal environmental status testing and analysis of three types of solar greenhouse in Quwo of Shanxi

采用试验方法,对山西曲沃广泛使用的3种类型温室的温度和湿度进行测试,并对测试结果进行分析。结果表明:3种类型温室的日平均气温均维持在13℃以上,且存在高湿不利因素。1月份,四代温室的日平均温度为14.7℃,分别高于五代温室、二代温室0.5和1.1℃;四代温室每日满足作物生长的平均时长为19.9h,较五代温室和二代温室长0.7和4.0h;四代温室夜间平均气温均值为12.2℃,较五代温室和二代温室分别提高9%和18%;四代温室和五代温室的室内外温差平均值分别为19.8和20.0℃,高于二代温室0.7和0.9℃,3种类型温室保温蓄热性能均有较大的提高空间;3种温室的温度环境及保温性能为:四代温室>五代温室>二代温室。3种温室夜间的相对湿度均达到饱和,白天相对湿度平均值为:五代温室88%、四代温室79%、二代温室79%。综合温湿度情况,四代温室较五代温室更适合于山西曲沃地区推广。针对温室保温蓄热性较差、室内高湿情况,可通过加厚草苫或使用保温性能较好的保温被,改变温室的灌溉方式,加强通风等方法,改善日光温室的湿热环境,使其达到作物生长所需的最佳条件。

In order to investigating the thermal and humidity environment in typical greenhouse in Shanxi,test were conducted in three solar greenhouses：Ⅱ,Ⅴ and Ⅳ solar greenhouse in Quwo County of Shanxi Province,using the temperature and humidity recorder RS-12.The results showed that daily mean temperature was above 13.0℃,and high humidity existed in all three types of solar greenhouse.In January,the daily average temperature ofⅣ greenhouse is14.7 ℃,which was higher than that of V andⅡ greenhouse 0.5 ℃,1.1 ℃respectively;The average time suitable for plant growth was 19.9hper day in Ⅳ greenhouse,which was longer than that in V and Ⅱ greenhouse;The average temperature at night in Ⅳ greenhouse was 12.2 ℃,increased by 9%,18% compared with Ⅴ greenhouse and Ⅱgreenhouse;The average temperature difference between indoor and outdoor ofⅣ and Ⅴ greenhouse is 19.8 ℃,20.0 ℃ respectively;There is large potential to improve thermal heat storage performance of three types of greenhouse.The heat storage properties performance of three types of greenhouse was：Ⅳ greenhouse Ⅴgreenhouse Ⅱ greenhouse.Relative humidity in three types of greenhouse was high and almost saturated at night.The daily mean relative humidity inⅤ greenhouse was 88%,which is 9% higher than in the other two greenhouses.On the basis of temperature and humidity conditions in three types of greenhouse,it was concluded Ⅳ greenhouse wasmore suitable in Quwo thanⅤ greenhouse.Suggestions to improve the environment performance of solar greenhouses including enhance heat preservation performance of greenhouse by increasing the thickness of straw curtain or using better heat thermal insulation covers and reduce the relative humidity indoor by changing the irrigation way,strengthening the ventilation or taking other measures,so that the thermal and humidity environment in greenhouse can achieve the optimum state.