环境规制趋紧阻碍中国制造业创新能力提升吗?——基于“波特假说”的再检验

Does Tightening Environmental Regulation Impede Technological Innovation Upgrading of Manufacturing Industries in China?—— An Empirical Re-Examination on Porter Hypothesis

近年来,为了扭转生态环境恶化的趋势,国家加大了环境规制强度和环境治理力度。环境规制趋紧是否会阻碍制造业创新能力的提升,削弱中国制造业的相对优势,引起了社会各界的关注。利用2004—2013年中国28个制造业行业的面板数据,采用综合指数法测度了我国环境规制强度,并从时间维度和强度维度分别研究了环境规制对不同污染程度的制造业行业技术创新能力的影响。研究结果显示,在即期和滞后各期内,环境规制对重度污染行业的技术创新能力始终是负向影响;对中度污染行业的创新能力提升起到了推动作用;环境规制与轻度污染行业的技术创新能力,在时间维度上呈现出U形关系,在强度维度上呈现出折线形关系。在规制强度维度上,不同污染程度行业的技术创新能力均存在显著的环境规制门槛效应和最优规制区间。政府应考虑到各行业的污染程度、行业产品特征以及行业创新能力,有针对性地制定相应的环境规制政策。

In order to reverse the trend of ecological environment deterioration, the administration has strengthened the intensity of the environmental regulation and management in recent years. It is worth attention whether the tightening environ- mental regulation impedes promotion in technological innovation and weakens the comparative advantage of manufacturing industry in China. Based on panel data of 28 manufacturing industries in China between 2004--2013, this paper researches the impacts of environmental regulation on technological innovation of manufacturing industries in different pollution degrees both from the angles of time and intensity, combined with the synthetically index method to measure the strength of environmental regulation. The results show that environmental regulation remains harmful to the creativity of heavy pollution industry during the current and lagging periods, but it is beneficial for the moderate pollution industry. The relationship between the environ- mental regulation and mild pollution industry appears U-shaped from time dimension, and ＇ broken line＇ from intensity dimension. There exists significant threshold effect of environmental regulation strength and optimal regulation interval for different pollution industries. The conclusion is that administration should formulate environmental regulation measures according to pollution degrees, product characteristics and creativity of various industries.