黑龙江省满族人群血小板抗原1～17系统基因多态性的研究

Genetic polymorphism of human platlet antigen-17 alloantigen system in Heilongjiang Manchu population

目的探讨黑龙江省满族人群人类血小板抗原（HPA）1～17系统基因多态性及其表达频率，建立HPA基因型资料库。方法选择101例满族的健康无血缘关系的人群为研究对象，采用PCR-SSP技术，对HPA1～17共17个抗原系统34个等位基因进行分型，分别计算其基因频率、基因型频率。结果黑龙江省满族人群HPA-1a、2a、3a、5a、6a、15a基因频率分别是0．99505、0．940595、0．549505、0．99505、0．9802、0．445545，HPA-4a、7a-14a、16a和17a均为1．0；HPA-1b、2b、3b、5b、6b、15b基因频率分别是0．00495、0．059405、0．450495、0．00495、0．0198、0．554455，未检测出HPA-4b、7b-14b、16b和17b。调查和分析的HPA基因组合型及其频率发现满族人群HPA基因有22种组合型，其中仅有3种基因组合型频率〉10％（42．57％），另外19种基因组合型的频率均〈10％（57．43％）。黑龙江省满族HPA基因频率与黑龙江省汉族相比，HPA-3a、3b基因频率差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论黑龙江省满族健康人群HPAl—17基因频率的分布与汉族人群相比有相似之处，也有本民族的自身特点。HPA-3，15系统具有高度多态性，在随机血小板输注中，供受者HPA-3、HPA-15系统不配合的机会分别为37．25％、37．20％，易发生血小板不配合而造成的同种免疫，是HPA配合性输注关注重点。

Objective To analyze the allele frequencies and its polymorphisms of human platlet anti- gen（HPA） 1 to 17 system in Heilongjiang Manchu population for preparation of setting up HPA genotype data bank. Method A total of 101 samples from healthy voluntary platelet donors in Heilongjiang were genotyped for HPA-1 to 17 by PCR-SSP and the genotype frequency and gene frequency were calculated. Result：The gene frequencies of HPA-1 a to 17 were 0. 99505,0.940595,0. 549505,1.0,0. 99505,0. 9802,1.0,1.0,1.0, 1. 0, 1. 0, 1.0,1.0,1.0,0.445545,1.0, and 1.0 respectively. The gene frequencies of HPA-1 b to -3b and -5b to -6b and 15b were O. 00495,0. 059405,0.450495,0.00495,0. 0198, and 0. 554455 respectively. HPA-4b and 7b to 14b and 16b to 17b were not detected. The study for the first time investigated the assortment of HPA genes and their frequencies. There were 22 assortment in Heilongjiang Manchu population, only 3 assortment of HPA gene frequencies more than 10% , 19 assortment of HPA gene frequencies less than 10%. HPA-3 frequency of Man- chu were significantly different from that Han population in Heilongjiang（ P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion Distribution of the allele polymorphism of HPA 1-17 in Heilongjiang Han population is similar to that in Manchu population, and it exhibits its own characteristic. The system of HPA-3,15 in Manchu population are polymorphie and it is the key point of HPA suitable infusion. The incompatibility rates of donor recipient HPA-3,15 were 37.25% and 37.20% in random HPA infusion.