保险法近因原则相关问题研究

Research on the Related Issues of the Principle of Proximate Cause of Insurance Law

作为辨析事故和损害之间逻辑关系的基本性原则,近因原则在保险理赔的司法实践中起着不可或缺的作用。保险法中近因原则的适用受单一因素和多重因素的影响,然而在具体适用中以诱因理论、比例原则和合理诿因原则为其新的发展思路。我国保险法中近因原则的缺失,在保险实践中造成了一定的不利影响,在立法和司法上完善近因原则对于保险实践有着重要的意义。本文认为,于保险单中确切说明、于保险法中明文规定、于司法解释中予以明确和发布指导性案例是保险法落实近因原则的重要举措。

The principle of proximate cause is played as a key role to judge the logical relation between the accident and damage in legal practice. In the application of the principle of proximate cause is affected by single factor and multiple factors,incentive theory,proportionality theory and reasonable theory are proposed as new doctrine to determine the causation relationship. There is no stipulated provision of principle of proximate cause under insurance law,which caused confusion in application. We can write the principle of proximate cause in the policy,stipulate it in the insurance law,amend it by judicial interpretation,or publish guiding cases so as to implement the principle of proximate cause in different ways.