论列夫·托尔斯泰作品中蕴涵的死亡意识观

A Brief Study on the Consciousness of Death in Tolstoy' s Stories

托尔斯泰的死亡意识伴随着他漫长的一生,从童年、少年、青年到中年,最后一直到晚年,都用不同的表现形式,由浅入深,并且深深影响着托尔斯泰各个时期的文学创作。同时,托尔斯泰的死亡意识也直接影响到他浓厚的忏悔意识,继而间接地影响到他的"道德的自我完善"和"勿以暴力抗恶"思想。探讨托尔斯泰的死亡意识,同时也对死亡学的研究具有重要的参考价值,因此具有重要意义。当然,对此也应辩证地看待。

The consciousness of death is together with Tolstoy in his long life,from his childhood, juvenile, youth to his middle age, and then to his old age at last. It has different patterns of manifestation, from shallow layer to deep layer. And it also has affects Tolstoy＇ s stories in his different periods profoundly. Meanwhile, Tolstoy＂ s consciousness of death also directly affects his rich consciousness of repentance.Then it indirectly affects his thoughts which are about self-perfection of morality and no using force against evils. We discuss Tolstoy＇ s consciousness of death, which also has significant reference value for the study of death. Consequently, it has a quite big sense.Certainly, as to these, we should also take a dialectic attitude.