《联合国海洋法公约》中直线基线的划定研究

On the Delineation of Straight Baselines in United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea

由于《联合国海洋法公约》并未对各国划定直线基线设立统一适用的原则或规则,而国际法院也未对直线基线的最大长度稳定做出限定,导致各国在使用直线基线时享有很大的自由裁量权。许多国家为了争取最大海洋管辖区域和自身经济利益,在实践中背离了应用直线基线规则。因而,完善直线基线划定的对策不仅要善意地解释条约,还应该进一步完善相关条款内容准确性。多方共同努力来确保直线基线划定的公开、公正和公平性,从而避免因直线基线划定不合理而引起各沿海国之间不必要的冲突和矛盾。在维护各国海洋权益的同时,共同推进国际海洋新秩序的建立和发展。

Due to there being no principles or rules of uniform application for countries to delimit straight baselines,additionally,the International Court of Justice sets no limits on the maxlength of straight baselines,which makes countries enjoy great discretion when delimiting straight baselines. In order to strive for the maximum marine jurisdiction area and their own economic interests,many countries,in practice,deviate from the rules of using straight baselines. Therefore,measures to improve the delineation of the straight baselines should not only kindly explain the treaty,but also further improve the accuracy of related terms. Only by joint efforts can the Openness,justice and fairness in delimiting straight baselines be insured,and unnecessary conflicts and contradictions among coastal countries causing by unreasonable delineation of the straight baselines can be avoided. When safeguarding maritime rights and interests of nations,we should jointly promote the establishment and development of the new international marine order.