意象·隐喻·象征·神话——中西方诗意阐释的殊途同归

Metaphor, Symbolism and Myth—Olistomerism of Chinese and Western Poetry

无论是在中国文学史上还是在西方文学史上,诗歌都是源远流长的文学体裁。在西方,18世纪后期,以华兹华斯、柯勒律治为代表的浪漫主义诗人,提出"创造性想象"和"象征性统一体"等概念;19世纪末期,著名的法国象征主义诗人和理论家马拉美说:"诗歌应当永远是个谜,要叫人一点一点去猜想"。无独有偶,在《周易·系辞》《诗品》《沧浪诗话》等中国文学批评理论典籍中,提出过"书不尽言,言不尽意""文之难,而诗之尤难"等诗意"难以言说"的深奥玄妙性。中西方诗意阐释可以说是殊途同归,百川归海。

In the late 18 th century, poets like Black,Wordsworth,Coleridge,Shelly and Keats were opposed to putting natural objects and feelings of people together in terms of slack metaphor.When producing natural poems, the poets tended to combine the two elements with creative imagination. In this way, the heart and soul danced with daffodils, the strong wind plays in tune to anticipate times and the nightingales sang to open windows of sinister waves. At the end of the 19 th century, the well-known French symbolism poet and theorist Mallarme said, ＂Poetry is supposed to be a mystery forever,allowing people to imagine gradually.＂Poetry pursues supernatural beauty which is quite beyond descriptions. Therefore,the exploration of the hidden meaning and implication of the mysterious poetry is of vital importance. With the clue of＂image, metaphor, symbolism and myth＂, more and more achievements could be realized.