木薯淀粉工业污泥复混肥对木薯生产的效应分析

Effects of cassava starch industrial sewage sludge on cassava production

【目的】研究施用木薯淀粉工业污泥复混肥对木薯生产的增产提质效果,为木薯淀粉工业污泥复混肥的推广应用提供科学依据。【方法】以木薯品种南植199和华南205为对象,分别探讨污泥复混肥不同用量（0、450.0、600.0、750.0、900.0 kg/ha）、不同肥料（常规施肥,常规施肥分别加污泥复混肥、复合肥、污泥、酒糟渣）和污泥复混肥不同施肥时期（前期;中期;后期;前、中、后期;前、中期;前、后期）对木薯农艺性状及产量和淀粉含量的影响。【结果】污泥复混肥单次施用量为600.0~750.0 kg/ha时对木薯的增产提质效果较好,以750.0 kg/ha最佳,该用量下两品种木薯的鲜薯产量和淀粉含量均最高,其中华南205平均产量为40126.00 kg/ha、南植199为34376.00 kg/ha,华南205平均淀粉含量为20.86%、南植199为26.77%。不同肥料的肥效排序为：污泥复混肥〉复合肥〉酒糟渣〉污泥〉常规施肥。在木薯生长前、中和后期各施污泥复混肥1次对木薯的增产提质效果最好,南植199产量达26196.23 kg/ha、淀粉含量达30.32%,华南205产量达41126.06 kg/ha、淀粉含量达23.74%。【结论】木薯淀粉工业污泥经与酒糟渣、煤灰、化肥按一定比例混合堆肥后用于作物栽培,具有节约化肥成本、降低企业污泥处理成本、减少环境污染、提高作物种植效益等优点,可在农业生产中推广应用。

【Objective】The present experiment was conducted to investigate effect of cassava starch industrial sewage sludge compound fertilizer（SSCF） application on improvement of cassava yield and quality, in order to provide a scientific basis for popularization and application of cassava starch industrial sewage sludge. 【Method】Using two cassava varieties viz.Nanzhi 199 and South China 205（SC 205） as materials, the effects of different treatments on economical character, yield and starch content of cassava were investigated, including application of SSCF at different dosages（0, 450.0, 600.0, 750.0,900.0 kg/ha）, different fertilizers（conventional fertilizer, conventional fertilizer combined with SSCF, compound fertilizer,sludge and lees, respectively）, application of SSCF at different stages viz., at earlier stage, at middle stage, at later stage, at earlier, middle and later stages, at earlier and middle stages or at earlier and later stages. 【Result】The results showed that, the yield and quality of cassava were significantly improved by applying 600.0-750.0 kg/ha SSCF every time, especially applying 750.0 kg/ha SSCF with optimal effect. And the yields and starch contents of two cassava varieties were the highest, respectively after applying 750.0 kg/ha SSCF. The yields of SC 205 and Nanzhi 199 were up to 40126.00 and 34376.00 kg/ha, respectively, and the starch contents of SC 205 and Nanzhi 199 were up to 20.86% and 26.77%,respectively. In addition, different fertilizers were ranked based on their fertilizer efficiencies： SSCF compound fertilizer leessludgeconventional fertilizer. Besides, the yield and quality of cassava were significantly improved by applying SSCF at earlier, middle and later stages. The yield and starch content of Nanzhi 199 reached up to 26196.23 kg/ha and 30.32%,respectively, and the yield and starch content of SC 205 reached up to 41126.06 kg/ha and 23.74%, respectively.【Conclusion】The cassava starch industrial sewage sludge, lees, coal ash and fertilizer are mixed according to a certain ratio, and then composted for crop cultivation. Thus, this compound fertilizer should be promoted and applied in the agricultural production because it not only reduce farmers＇ fertilizer cost and enterprises＇ waste disposal cost, but also reduce environmental pollution and improve economic benefits of crop.