苦苣菜及泽漆茎叶水浸提液对3种蔬菜的化感作用

Allelopathic effects of aqueous extracts from Sonchus oleraceus L. and Euphorbia helioscopia L. stems and leaves on three kinds of vegetables

【目的】探讨苦苣菜(Sonchus oleraceus L.)和泽漆(Euphorbia helioscopia L.)茎叶水浸提液对蔬菜的化感作用,为洛阳地区蔬菜生产防除恶性杂草提供参考依据。【方法】采用培养皿滤纸法培育萝卜、白菜和甘蓝幼苗,测定分析苦苣菜和泽漆茎叶水浸提液对其种子发芽率、发芽指数、幼苗苗高和根长的化感作用。【结果】苦苣菜和泽漆茎叶水浸提液对3种蔬菜种子萌发及幼苗生长均存在化感作用,且化感作用大小与浸提液浓度呈正相关。3种蔬菜对苦苣菜和泽漆的化感作用敏感程度有所不同,萝卜、甘蓝对泽漆茎叶水浸提液较敏感,甘蓝对苦苣菜茎叶水浸提液不敏感;总体上泽漆茎叶水浸提液对3种蔬菜的化感抑制作用大于苦苣菜。【结论】泽漆和苦苣菜对萝卜、白菜和甘蓝均产生一定的化感作用,泽漆的化感抑制作用相对较大,应加强对其防除。

【Objective】The present experiment was conducted to investigate allelopathic effect of aqueous extracts from Sonchus oleraceus L. and Euphorbia helioscopia L. stems and leaves on vegetables, in order to provide references for controling pernicious weed in vegetable production of Luoyang, China. 【Method】The seedlings of Raphanus sativus, Brassica chinesis and Brassica oleracea were cultured by culture dish-filter paper method. Then, the allelopathic effects of aqueous extracts from S. oleraceus L. and E. helioscopia L. stems and leaves on germination rate, germination index, seedling height and root length of R. sativus, B. chinesis and B. oleracea were determined and analysed. 【Result】The aqueous extracts from S. oleraceus L. and E. helioscopia L. stems and leaves had allelopathic effects on seed germination and seedling growth of three kinds of vegetables, and the allelopathic effects were positively correlated with concentration of aqueous extracts. Furthermore, three kinds of vegetables had different sensitivities to allelopathic effects of S. oleraceus L. and E.helioscopia L., and R. sativus and B. chinesis were sensitive to aqueous extracts from E. helioscopia L. stems and leaves,while B. oleracea was insensitive to aqueous extracts from S. oleraceus L. stems and leaves. On the whole, the allelopathic inhibitory effects of aqueous extracts from E. helioscopia L. stems and leaves on three kinds of vegetables are greater than that of aqueous extracts from S. oleraceus L. stems and leaves. 【Conclusion】S. oleraceus L. and E. helioscopiais L. have allelopathic inhibitory effects on R. sativus, B. chinesis and B. oleracea. However, more attentions should be paid to control of E. helioscopiais L. because inhibitory effect of E. helioscopiais L. is greater than that of S. oleraceus L.