麦穗鱼在硫酸铜药效评估中的应用

Application of Pseudorasbora parva in evaluation of copper sulfate efficacy

【目的】筛选出能够指示硫酸铜药效浓度的水生动物,为促进硫酸铜防病技术在水产养殖中的推广应用提供参考依据。【方法】实验室环境下探讨不同硫酸铜浓度（0.07、0.15、0.30、0.60和1.20 mg/L）治疗人工感染寄生虫鱼类的效果,通过多个急性毒性试验筛选药效浓度区间内敏感的指示生物,并结合实际生产,设计一套合理的生物指示硫酸铜药效的养殖病害防治办法。【结果】0.60 mg/L为实验室环境下硫酸铜治疗多子小瓜虫、车轮虫、斜管虫等寄生虫病的适宜浓度;综合各急性毒性试验结果,筛选出硫酸铜杀虫浓度区间（0.15~1.20 mg/L）内敏感的指示生物是麦穗鱼（Pseudorasbora parva）,并建立了一套硫酸铜药效评估体系,即在施药后4 h内投放麦穗鱼进行行为、异常情况观察,可评估硫酸铜药效浓度情况。【结论】麦穗鱼可作为水产养殖中硫酸铜治疗寄生虫病药效浓度的指示生物。

【Objective】The aquatic animal indicating efficacious concentration of copper sulfate were screened, in order to provide technical reference for promoting application of copper sulfate in disease prevention in aquaculture. 【Method】The present experiment was conducted to investigate effects of copper sulfate at different concentrations（0.07, 0.15, 0.30,0.60, 1.20 mg/L） on fishes artificially infected with parasites in laboratory. And the desirable indicator organism sensitive to copper sulfate within tested concentration range was screened by several acute toxicity tests. Besides, combined with actual aquaculture, a set of reasonable disease prevention and control measures was designed by using indicator aquatic animal to estimate copper sulfate efficacy. 【Result】The results showed that, the optimal concentration of copper sulfate was0.60 mg/L for controlling parasitic disease caused by Ichthyophthirius multifilis, Chilodonella cyprini and Trichodina spp.Moreover, the results of acute toxicity test showed that, Pseudorasbora parva was screened out as indicator species because it was sensitive to copper sulfate within concentration range of 0.15-1.20 mg/L, and a set of evaluation system for drug efficacy in aquaculture was established, as follows： the behaviors and abnomal situation of P. parva were observed within 4h after being treated with copper sulfate, and then the efficacy of copper sulfate was estimated based on observation results.【Conclusion】P. parva can be used as indicator species to indicate efficacious concentration of copper sulfate for treating parasitic disease of P. parva in actual aquaculture.