明永乐朝官员自杀与永乐朝政治

Officials Suicide and Politics During the Ming's Yongle Dynasty

当前对于明朝时期官员自杀研究仍然较少。《明史》中明朝各代官员的自杀记录,永乐朝名列第一。本文首先对永乐朝自杀官员的个体案例进行分析,在总体上分析官员自杀的原因。推究这些自杀大臣共同之处,发现他们大多是建文帝重臣。但更大程度上,来自于永乐朝普遍的高压统治。朱棣称帝后权力和威严达到顶峰,加上明朝人治高于法治,大臣稍有不慎就有可能被处以极刑。正是在这种恐怖、高压、沉闷的气氛环境压抑下,一些人内心开始扭曲,他们内心变得敏感且脆弱。因此永乐朝大臣的自杀一般是由于朱棣的高压统治,加之自己内心脆弱造成的。

At present,there are still few studies on the suicide of officials in the Ming dynasty. In The Ming History the number of officials suicide is the first during the Ming’Yongle dynasty compared with other emperors reign. This thesis firstly analyzes the individual cases of officials sicide during the Ming’s Yongle dynasty,and then analyzes the general reasons to it. Most officials suicide because they are closely associated with Emperor Jianwen,but more important,Emperor Yongle carry out a reign of ruthless intensity.Zhu Di’power and majesty reached the summit after he became emperor and Man is higher than the rule of law in Ming dynasty,so he can put minister to death at will. Under this kind of atmosphere of terror,high pressure,depressing,many ministers’ heart began to distort and became sensitive and fragile. Therefore,the reasons of officials suicide were due tothe fact that Emperor Yongle carried out a reign of ruthless intensity and their inner vulnerability in general during the Ming’s Yongle dynasty.