农地流转背景下新型农业经营主体信贷需求及约束研究——基于陕西杨凌农业示范区的调查分析

Study on Credit Needs of New Agricultural Management Entity and Constraints under Background of Farmland Transfer——Based on the Survey of Yangling Demonstration Area of Shaanxi Province

基于农地流转背景,利用Heckman选择模型对陕西省杨凌示范区内新型农业经营主体的信贷需求、正规信贷约束程度以及资金缺口情况进行研究。结果表明:不同经营主体由于在资源禀赋、经营能力以及社会资本等方面的差异,导致其信贷需求、受到的信贷约束以及资金缺口也都不同。大部分经营主体的信贷需求强烈,但由于农业合作社和农业企业具有更广泛的可抵质押物和社会资本,受到的正规信贷约束小于普通农户、种植大户、家庭农场三类主体,从而形成的资金缺口也相对较小。据此,从农地流转制度改革、农业经营主体自身、农村金融机构和政府部门四个方面提出了改善新型农业经营主体信贷约束的政策建议。

Based on the background of land transfer,this paper uses Heckman selection model to study the credit needs of new agricultural management entities,formal credit constraints and funding gap.The result shows that due to the dis-parity in resource endowments,management capacity and social capital,different management entities demonstrate their differences in credit demands,credit constraints and funding gaps.Most business entities have strong demand for credit,but because agricultural cooperatives and agricultural enterprises have a wider range of collateral and social capitals,formal credit constraints they receive are less than those for ordinary farmers,growers,family farms and funding gap is relatively small.This paper finally puts forward some policy suggestions on how to improve the credit constraints for new agricultural management from the following four aspects:reform of farmland circulation system,agricultural management entities,the rural financial institutions and government departments.