汽车用金属材料的生态设计实践

Practicing Eco-Design in Metal Materials for Automobile

通过综合使用性能、环境负荷和经济成本3个因素,建立了基于模糊矩阵理论的金属材料生态设计多指标评价模型,并应用于钢铁、铝合金、镁合金3种典型车用金属材料的生态设计。研究结果显示,就性能而言,钢铁材料的综合性能优于铝合金材料和镁合金材料,其性能单一化指标分别比二者高8.25%和3.89%;就环境负荷而言,铝合金材料的生命周期环境负荷低于镁合金材料和钢铁材料,其环境负荷单一化指标分别比二者低10.68%和22.59%;综合考虑不同设计因素,针对汽车前端部件制造,铝合金材料的生态设计实施效果优于钢铁材料和镁合金材料。

Through integrating three designing factors, i.e., physical performance, environmental load, and economic cost, this study tentatively established a fuzzy-matrix theory based eco-design model for metal materials, and applied this model to the eco-design of three typical metal materials for automobile, i. e. , steel, aluminum, and mag- nesium. The results show that, regarding the physical properties, steel is more advantageous than aluminum and magne- sium towards the demand of automobile industry, and steel＇ s integrated indictor of physical-performance is 8.25% and 3.89% higher than those of aluminum and magnesium, respectively; with respect to the environmental load, aluminum is more advantageous than steel and magnesium, and the single score of life cycle assessment of aluminum is 10.68% and 22.59% lower than those of magnesium and steel, respectively; in general, integrating various designing factors, the eco-design implementation effect of aluminum is more conspicuous than those of steel and magnesium towards the application in automobile industry.