高冲击下电流变阻尼器多物理场建模与仿真

Modeling and Simulation of Multiphysics Field of Electrorheological Dampers under High Impact Load

针对将电流变阻尼器应用于冲击载荷下的火炮反后坐装置，阻尼器采用固定电极板式结构，利用COMSOL Mul-tiphysics多物理场软件，建立电流变阻尼器的二维轴对称几何模型，根据计算流体动力学模块，得到不可压缩的电流变流体层流仿真。分析高速冲击下电流变流体在环形间隙的流动情况，并且在变化的电场耦合作用下，仿真计算出电流变阻尼器输出阻尼力的大小，同时也研究阻尼器结构参数对输出阻尼力的影响。仿真结果表明：在1～5kV范围内增加极板电压，环形通道流体速度降低1．03m／s，总输出阻尼力提高375．9N；在电场强度为5kV／mm情况下，阻尼通道有效长度增加25mm，阻尼力由828．2N增大至1950．8N；保持阻尼通道长度不变，环形间隙增大1．5mm，阻尼力下降至113．3N。

Considering the electrorheological( ER) damper applied in the gun recoil device under the high impact load,the structure of damper adopts the fixed electrode. The two-dimension( 2D) symmetrical geometry model of ER damper was built by using COMSOL Multiphysics field software. According to Computational Fluid Dynamics( CFD) module,simulation for the laminar flow of an incompressible ER fluid was derived. The phenomenon was analyzed of fluid flow in the annular gap and the magnitude of damping force in the varying electric field under high speed impact. The structure parameters of ER damper that affected the output of damping force were also researched. The simulation results show that increasing the voltage from 1 k V to 5 k V applied on the electrode,flow velocity decreases by 1. 03 m / s but the total damping force increases by 375. 9 N in the annular gap. Under condition of 5 k V / mm of electric field intensity,the damping force increases from 828. 2 N to 1 950. 8 N with the increased 25 mm effective length of damping channel; and effective length of damping channel stays the same,the damping force decreases to 113. 3 N with the increased 1. 5 mm annular gap.