影响南方水稻黑条矮缩病发生流行的因子分析

Factor analysis of epidemic of Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus

南方水稻黑条矮缩病是近年来在我国南方稻区新发生的一种重要病毒性病害。本文通过大田调查、田间试验并结合气象资料分析,表明品种抗性、种植方式、播种期、播种地段和气象因子等是影响该病发生的主要因素。不同类型水稻的发病率存在显著性差异。杂交稻发病最重,糯稻发病次之,常规稻发病最轻。同一类型的杂交稻不同品种对南方水稻黑条矮缩病的抗(耐)病性存在较大差异。‘特优161’最感病,‘华优638’最抗病。抛栽田比移栽田和直播田发病轻。不同播种期显著影响南方水稻黑条矮缩病的发病率。在化州稻区,播种早的发病重于播种迟的。晚稻秧田靠近早稻本田的田块,南方水稻黑条矮缩病发病重,秧田远离早稻本田的田块发病较轻。6月中旬-7月上旬降水日数、6月下旬-7月上旬相对湿度和8月上旬平均最高气温等气象因子与南方水稻黑条矮缩病发病率关系最密切。

Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus disease is an important viral disease in the southern regions of China in recent years.Field trial and meteorological data analysis demonstrated that the resistance of varieties,planting ways,sowing period,sowing area and meteorological factors were the main factors affecting the occurrence of the disease.There was significant difference in the incidence among different types of rice.The hybrid rice presented the heaviest incidence,followed by the glutinous rice,whereas the conventional rice was the mildest.Disease resistance differed significantly among different varieties of the same type hybrid rice.‘Teyou 161＇was the most susceptible,and‘Huayou 638＇was the most resistant.The incidence in cast transplanting field was milder than that in transplanting field and direct seeding paddy field.Different sowing period affected the disease incidence significantly.In Huazhou rice area,the incidence in the early sowing rice was heavier than that in the late sowing rice.The disease incidence in the late rice seedling bed near early rice field was heavy,and mild in the seedling plots away from the early rice field.The disease incidence closely related with the precipitation days from mid-June to early July,relative humidity from late June to early July,the average maximum temperature in early August and other meteorological factors.