成都地区2～6岁儿童饮奶行为及其对生长发育的影响

Milk consumption and the effect on growth among children aged 2～6 years old in urban area of Chengdu

目的探索成都地区2~6岁儿童饮奶行为及其对生长发育的影响,为改善该地区儿童饮奶状况提供科学依据。方法采用整群抽样的方法于2014年4-5月在成都地区选取2所幼儿园707名2~6岁健康儿童作为研究对象,通过问卷调查收集儿童基本信息、饮奶行为（饮奶频率、饮奶量、饮奶时间、饮奶种类等）和饮奶反应等信息。测量儿童身高体重并计算体质指数（BMI）、年龄别身高Z评分（HAZ）、年龄别体重Z评分（WAZ）和年龄别BMI Z评分（BAZ）来评价儿童生长发育状况。结果成都地区2~6岁儿童饮奶率为98.6%（697/707）,每日饮奶率为84.6%（598/707）,2~岁组儿童每日饮奶率高于4~、5~岁和6~7岁组儿童,差异有统计学意义（χ2=14.39、11.80、13.88,P均〈0.005）。儿童日均饮奶量中位数为364.0ml,2~岁组儿童日均饮奶量高于4~、5~和6~7岁组儿童（P均〈0.05）,3~岁组儿童日均饮奶量高于4~岁和6~7岁组儿童（P均〈0.05）。饮用2种奶制品的比例为55.8%（389/697）,同时饮用液态奶和酸奶的比例为35.2%（245/697）。早餐饮奶的比例为81.8%（570/697）,饮奶同时进食其他食物的比例为62.9%（444/697）。饮奶后曾出现不良反应的比例为11.6%（82/707）。儿童饮奶行为对其身高、体重、BMI、HAZ、WAZ和BAZ差异均无统计学意义（P均〉0.05）。结论成都地区2~6岁儿童每日饮奶率有待进一步提高。

Objective To evaluate the milk consumption and the effect on growth among children aged 2~6years old in urban area of Chengdu. Methods From April to May in 2014,707 healthy children aged 2~6years old were selected by cluster sampling method in two kindergartens from urban area of Chengdu.Data on basic information,the milk consumption（the type of milk,the frequency,amount and time of milk intake）and milk intake reaction of these children were obtained by aquestionnaire.Body weight and height were measured.Body mass index（BMI）,Height-for-age Z scores（HAZ）,Weight-for-age Z scores（WAZ）and Body mass index-for-age Z scores（BAZ）were calculated to assess growth of preschool children. Results 98.6%（697/707）of children had milk in the last 3months,84.6%（598/707）had milk every day,the rate of 2-year-old children＇s daily milk intake was higher than that of children aged 4~,5~and 6~7years old（χ2=14.39,11.80,13.88,respectively,P0.005）.The mean milk intake was 364.0ml per day,the mean milk intake of children aged 2years was more than that of children aged 4~,5~ and 6~7years old（P〈0.05）,the mean milk intake of children aged 3years old was more than that of children aged 4and 6~7years old（P〈0.05）.55.8%（389/697）of children had two types of milk,about 35.2%（245/697）had liquid milk and yogurt at the same time.81.8%（570/697）of children had milk at breakfast,and 62.9%（444/697）had something else at the same time.About 11.6%（82/707）of children had uncomfortable symptoms after milk intake.There were no differences in height,weight,BMI,WAZ,HAZ and BAZ of preschool children in different milk drinking group. Conclusion Daily milk consumption among children aged 2~6years old from urban area of Chengdu still needs to be improved.