不同胎龄婴幼儿智能发育状况的追踪研究

Follow-up study on the intelligent development of infants with different gestational ages

目的通过追踪记录不同胎龄（26＋1~42＋6周）婴幼儿的智能发育指标并进行比较分析,发现不同胎龄婴幼儿的智能发育规律。方法选取2012-2014年间于佛山市妇幼保健院儿童保健科随访至2岁或以上的婴幼儿3 438例,根据胎龄把随访婴幼儿分为5组,使用《0~6岁儿童神经心理发育量表》对各组婴幼儿分别进行3、6、9、12、18、24月龄的神经心理发育测试,计算各组的发育商均值并比较分析。结果极早产儿组的发育商于随访期间低于其他组别婴幼儿（P〈0.05）。晚期早产儿组的发育商于18月龄及以后与各胎龄足月儿、过期产儿组比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。各胎龄足月儿、过期产儿组于6月龄及以后发育商比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论极早产儿仍为智能发育障碍的主要人群,需积极采取相关手段提高其生命质量。

Objective To compare the developmental quotients（DQs）of the observed infants with different gestational ages（GA,26＋1~42＋6 weeks）at different ages and to find out the rule of intelligent development of infants with different gestational ages. Methods A total of 3 438 infants who were followed up to 2years or older from 2012 to 2014were chosen.The infants were divided into 5groups according to their GAs and their DQs were recorded at the age of 3,6,9,12,18,24 months respectively.Then the mean values of DQs of different groups were calculated and compared. Results DQs of the very preterm infants were lower than those of other groups during the follow-up period（P〈0.05）.DQs of late preterm infants could reach the level of term infants and post term infants at 18 months old and later（P〈0.05）.DQs of term infants and post term infants with different GAs had no significant differences at 6months old and later（P〈0.05）. ConclusionThe very preterm infants are still the main population of poor intelligent development,active measures should be taken to improve their quality of life