新一代产品几何技术规范测量不确定度的计算方法

The calculation methods of measurement uncertainty based on the new generation geometrical product specifications

针对新一代产品几何技术规范中测量不确定度的计算方法,对蒙特卡洛仿真法、灰色系统模型法和传统GUM法进行比较分析。研究结果表明:采用蒙特卡洛仿真方法与传统GUM法的不确定度计算结果接近,但蒙特卡洛方法克服了传统GUM法求解中的一些缺陷,且计算结果更加精确;灰色系统模型法针对小样本数据,计算过程所需条件受限制小,而且不用区分A类、B类不确定度,不确定度的计算简单化。

Based on the new generation geometrical product specifications（ GPS）,the calculation methods of measurement uncertainty,such as the Monte Carlo simulation method,the gray system model method,and the guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement（ GUM） method,were analyzed. The results were shown that the values of calculated uncertainty were similar,which were computed by the Monte Carlo simulation and the GUM method. The calculation results became more accurate with the Monte Carlo simulation method,which overcame some defects of traditional GUM method. Grey system model method was suited for the small sample data. Then its uncertainty calculation was simplification with less limiting conditions to calculation process,and it doesn＇t have to distinguish class A and class B in uncertainty system.