建构蒙古族传统生态观的形成

The Construction Of The Traditional Mongolian Ecological Concept

20世纪末,改革开放以及随着经济、文化全球化的时代进程,内蒙古地区经济也得到快速发展、传统文化复苏的同时,也出现了资源危机,生态平衡失调、环境污染、气候变异、土壤荒漠化等自然环境破坏现象。由于自然环境破坏而政府实施了"退牧还草"政策,牧民成为从经营畜牧业生产生计活动的专业牧民转变为第二、第三职业的舍饲圈养、采挖药材、采沙葱搂发菜、挖奇石、温棚菜民、养殖业、农业化、"合作社"化、移住城镇经营个体工商业等多样化选择的"现代劳动者"。从而自然资源受益者行为主体的牧民的生产生计活动呈现复杂多变的条件反射程式。

Inner Mongolia experienced a rapid economic development during the national economic reform and globalization procession during late 20 th century.Meanwhile,a series of ecological problems appear as well,such as resource crisis,ecological balance disorders,environmental pollution,climate variability,soil desertification,environmental damage and other unnatural phenomena.In order to preserve the natural balance,the government issued the Pasture Policy,which transformed the traditional herdsmen to farmers or producers of other secondary or tertiary industry,such as breeding,greenhouse culture,collection of wild herds and herbal medicine,stone hunting,etc.Therefore the production activities of herdsmen,who had been benefitting from natural resources for always,presents a complex and changeable conditioned reflex.