雄蚕品种选育及产业化应用20年的回顾与展望

A Review and Prospect on Breeding and Industrialization Application of Male Silkworm Varieties in Past 20 Years

雄蚕具有强健好养、饲料效率高、出丝率高、茧丝品质优等特点,选育雄蚕品种实现专养雄蚕是提高茧丝品质和综合效益最为有效的途径。本文综述了从俄罗斯科学院引进家蚕性连锁平衡致死系20年来,我国在家蚕性连锁平衡致死系转育改良方法研究、家蚕性别控制种质资源库构建、实用化雄蚕品种选育、雄蚕品种繁育配套技术开发及雄蚕品种产业化应用等方面取得的主要成果,分析了专养雄蚕产业化过程中存在的问题,提出了进一步加强雄蚕种、茧、丝绸及产品的一体化建设,打造雄蚕丝高端产品与品牌,提高全产业链综合效益的建议。

Breeding of male silkworm（ Bombyx mori） varieties and realization of male-only silkworm rearing is the most effective way to improve silk quality and comprehensive benefit due to the advantages of strong vitality,high feed efficiency,high raw silk rate and superior silk quality by rearing the male-only silkworm. This paper reviews the main achievements in the transformation and improvement methods of the sex-linked balanced lethal silkworm strains,establishment of sex-controlled silkworm variety pool,breeding of practical male silkworm varieties,technology development of male silkworm variety breeding,and industrialization application of male silkworm varieties since the sex-linked balanced lethal silkworm strains were introduced from Russian Academy of Sciences 20 years ago. In addition,problems existing in the industrialization of male silkworm varieties were analyzed. It is proposed to further strengthen the integration construction of male silkworm eggs,cocoons,silk fabrics and their products,to produce high-grade silk products of male silkworm and create reputed name brands,and to improve the comprehensive economic benefits of the whole industry chain.