陕西秦岭非法贸易动物(兽类)基因条码构建及分子鉴定

Molecular Identification and Gene Barcode Construction of Illegal Trading Animal in Qinling Mountains of Shaanxi Province

现今秦岭珍稀野生动物非法贸易频繁发生,野生动物仅通过外表难以准确鉴定。通过构建陕西省秦岭地区羚牛、林麝、斑羚、鬣羚、金丝猴、黑熊、小麂、毛冠鹿、果子狸、豹猫、野猪、大熊猫、黄鼬、鼬獾、獾15种兽类线粒体DNA Cytb基因条码,对3例来自秦岭森林公安收缴的无法鉴定的动物肌肉样品进行分子物种鉴定。利用Neighbor-joining法和非加权配对算数平方法,构建分子系统发生树,对比三种待鉴定样品样本和15种动物的Cytb序列的遗传距离和序列相似性。经分析,待鉴定样品A1与斑羚聚为一枝,序列相似性为99.4%遗传距离为0.006;待鉴定样品A2与鬣羚聚为一枝,序列相似性为98.8%遗传距离为0.012;待鉴定样品A3与黑熊聚为一枝,序列相似性最高为100%遗传距离为0.000。从而鉴定出三种物种分别为斑羚、鬣羚和黑熊。基因条码为物种鉴定和野生动物保护提供便利条件。

Nowadays,there are an increasing number of animal illegal tradings and it is hard to identify through wild animals＇exterior. The 15 mt DNA Cytb gene barcode of takin,forest musk deer,goral,serow,snub-nosed monkey,black bear,reeve＇s muntjac,tufted deer,swinhoe,leopard cat,wild boar,gaint panda,weasel,ferret badger,badger in Qinling Mountains of Shaanxi Province had been constructed,and three samples of animal muscle which came from forest police in Qinlin Mountain and cannot be recognized were identified by molecular species identification. Through the method of the Neighbor-joining and the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic mean（UPGMA） method,constructed the molecular phylogenetic tree,the genetic distance and sequence similarity of Cytb sequence of three unknown muscular samples were compared with that of 15 species animals.The unknown sample A1 and goral were clusterd together as one clade,their sequence similarity was 99.4% and nucleotide distance was 0.006. The unknown sample A2 and serow were clusterd together as one clade,their sequence similarity was 98.8% and nucleotide distance was 0.012. The unknown sample A3 and black bear were clustered together as one clade,their sequence similarity was 100% and nucleotide distance was 0.000. The result showed that the unknown sample A1 was goral,the unknown sample A2 was serow,and the unknown sample A3 was black bear. The gene barcode made convenient conditions for species identification and wildlife conservation.