美国空军飞行学员医学选拔标准体系及其对我军的启示

Enlightenment to Chinese Air Force of USAF medical selection standard system of fl ying cadets

系统了解美国空军飞行学员医学选拔标准情况,全面总结美国空军飞行学员医学选拔标准体系和内容,为我军飞行学员医学选拔标准修订和执行提供参考依据。系统分析美国空军4个飞行学员相关医学选拔标准,对照我军飞行学员医学选拔标准,提出美国空军飞行学员医学选拔标准及持续改进的特点内容,归纳我军飞行学员医学选拔优势和需要改进的主要内容。美国空军飞行学员医学选拔标准体系由《国防部指令》《空军体格检查和标准》《空军医学标准指导》《空军特许飞行指南》4个相互引用、相互补充的标准共同构成,具体指标的制订依据来源于航空医学要求和军事训练需要,修改频率很快,整体上更加突出功能需求,与我军飞行学员医学选拔标准相比体系更完善,形态要求更低、功能评价技术更为先进,放飞和停飞依据更为充分。参照美军标准制订的原则和依据开展相应的科学研究,对眼科、外科等生源影响较大、飞行影响较小的一些标准进行针对性修改,完善相关医学选拔技术手段,对扩大招飞优质生源、提升招飞整体质量具有重要意义。

To review the American medical standards of recruiting student pilots,and summarise the features procedures,requirements,and medical standards for medical examinations given by the American Air Force,offer evidence to revise Chinese Air force medical standards of recruiting student pilots.By metrieving literature in this field from medical bibliographic database and foreign military official websites,four published reports and network information were cited,compared with the Chinese Air force medical standards,to find out the differences between the two standards.The American medical standards include Department of Defense Instruction,Air Force Medical Examination and Standards,Air Force Medical Standards Directory,and Air Force Waiver Guide.The four documents independently aim directly at different examination contents,and the medical requirements has been gradually broadened.The Examination and Standards originates from the requirements of military training flying demands.Compared with our standards,the American medical standards are more consummate,and more subtle,and emphasize on more body functions than body shape.The periodicity of standards revising was shorter than ours.We can establish our standards and requirements of flying pilots and rectify our medical standards by referring to the American standards,efficacious and safe medical standards can effectively improve the diathesis of our military cadets.