中美空军飞行学员医学选拔对照实证研究--心脏瓣膜病

An empirical study on medical selection of flying cadets with valvular heart disease between PLAAF and USAF

目的分析我军招飞体检时因心脏瓣膜病而不合格的学员参照美军招飞标准的判定结果,为我军招收飞行学员体检标准中心脏瓣膜病相关内容的修改提出合理建议。方法对2012—2015年参加招飞医学选拔定选的学员进行心脏听诊,存在杂音者行超声心动图检查,对于不符合我军心脏瓣膜病相关标准而淘汰的学员,参照美军招飞体检标准判定其是否合格。结果2012—2015年我军招飞体检定选的心脏瓣膜病不合格率具有显著性差异(P<0.05);我军招飞体检中的心脏瓣膜病主要包括二尖瓣疾病、主动脉瓣疾病、三尖瓣和肺动脉瓣疾病,对比中美招飞标准后,我军因心脏瓣膜病不合格的学员参照美军标准有68%合格,20%可以特许飞行。结论我军和美军招飞医学选拔标准中关于心脏瓣膜病的相关内容具有一定差异。

Objective To determine whether the candidates disqualified for having valvular heart diseases in People＇s Liberation Army Air Force（PLAAF） medical selection of flying cadets were qualified or not according to United States Air Force（USAF） Medical Standards Directory,and to make suggestions on revising PLAAF Medical Selection Standards of Flying cadets.Methods Ecocardiography was conducted on candidates participating in the final stage of medical selection of flying cadets who had cardiac murmurs by aulscultation,and they were determined whether they were qualified or not according to both PLAAF Medical Selection Standards and USAF Medical Standards Directory.Results There were significant differences of disqualification rate related to valvular heart disease from 2012 to2015（P〈0.05）;68%candidates disqualified for having valvular heart disease in PLAAF medical selection were qualified when they were assessed by USAF Medical Standards Directory,and 20%candidates disqualified in PLAAF medical selection required waiver.Conclusion There were some differences on medical selection standards of flying cadets concerning valvular heart disease between PLAAF and USAF.