央地分权与公共文化服务:韩国的失败与光州市的崛起

Central-Local Power Allocation and Public Cultural Services: The Failure of Korea and the Rise of Gwang-ju

公共服务近年成为政策重点领域,而央地权力分配对公共服务的影响仍有待研究。本文以韩国公共文化服务项目为例,探讨优化公共服务的央地权力分配模式。通过韩国整体在集权与分权制度下公共文化服务项目发展的对比,以及韩国整体与光州市个体在分权制下的公共文化服务项目的对比,本文揭示,中央集权虽可实现公共文化服务的迅速配给,但中央控制对公共文化服务实际起到抑制作用,而地方分权也不能为公共文化服务提供积极的地方条件,不涉及联动民主化的地方分权是不完全分权,只有结合了强大公民社会力量的联动民主化的地方分权才是优化公共文化发展的关键。韩国的经验与教训对中国有着重要启示。

Public service has recently become critical policy focus, but the study on the impact of power allocation on it is still blurry. The article uses the public cultural development in Korea as a case to study the model of power allocation better off public service. Through comparative study between the public cultural service project development before and after centralized and decentralized system in Korea, between the situation of Korea in general and Gwang-ju in specific, the article reveals that neither system guarantees the development of public culture, since controlling centralization system will suppress it and decentralization will further weaken it. It has been discovered that decentralization without democratization is incomplete decentralization, and only decentralization with powerful civil society and grass root social structure can accelerate the development of public culture. The lessons and experience of South Korea will definitely enlighten the development of public services including public cultural service in China.