塞耶斯从马克思主义人性论角度对功利主义的批判

Sayers' s Critique of Utilitarianism from the Perspective of Marxist Theory of Human Nature

作为英国新黑格尔主义的马克思主义的主要代表,塞耶斯从人性与历史的辩证互动入手,并受马克思的历史唯物主义人性论启发,对功利主义从哲学基础、实践方式、预期目的上提出了深刻的批判,从而间接地回应了一些人对历史唯物主义的质疑。从哲学基础上,他认为人性是历史的产物,坚决反对隐藏在功利主义中的抽象人性论;从实践方式上,强调人性与历史处于相互作用的过程中,客观实践是社会与个体的存在方式,功利主义的"功利"原则有其弊端;从预期目的上,他提出历史与人性都是开放的,对功利主义的狭隘目的论持反思态度。

As Britain's famous new Hegelian Marxist,Sayers has offered profound critique on utilitarianism in recent years.Upholding and developing Marxist theory on human nature,Sayers adopts an approach of dialectical interaction between human nature and history,and offers a critique of utilitarianism with regard to its philosophical foundation,forms of practice,and objectices,thus indirectly responding to some challenges to historical materialism.In terms of its philosophical foundation,he argues that human nature is the product of history,and firmly opposes the theory of abstract human nature in utilitarianism.Concerning its forms of practice,he emphasizes the interactive process between humanity and history,and argues that objective practice is the way of existence for society and individuals,and 'utilitarian' principle has its flaws.With regard to its objectives,he proposes that history and human nature are both open to the future,and reflections are necessary for the narrow purposes of utilitarianism.