北京市3家餐馆就餐者点餐营养素水平综合评价

A survey on the contents of nutrient and nutrition in the orderings of customers when eating at three restaurants in Beijing

目的 分析北京市3家中餐馆就餐者点餐营养素含量,采用富含营养素食物（Nutrient-Rich Foods,NRF）指数法综合评价一餐的营养搭配。方法 选择北京市某商业区内经营温州菜、鲁菜和云南菜的3家中餐馆,收集全部菜品的主、配料重量,计算每道菜品的营养素含量;结合3家餐馆一段时期内的点餐流水单,计算人均点餐营养素含量,并利用NRF指数综合评价一餐营养素水平。结果 3家餐馆就餐者一餐人均点餐能量为4973.9（P25-P75：3575.6-6971.0）kJ,参照午餐3347.2 kJ和晚餐2510.4 kJ的能量推荐摄入标准,88.2%桌次的人均点餐能量含量高于推荐摄入量。限制营养素含量：3家餐馆就餐者一餐人均点餐脂肪和胆固醇含量均达到日推荐摄入量的70%及以上;且一餐人均点餐钠含量均高于一日钠适宜摄入量（1500 mg）,超标率为87.9%。3家餐馆就餐者一餐人均点餐膳食纤维、钙、维生素A、维生素C、维生素E含量远低于各营养素推荐摄入量。温州菜餐馆NRF9.3较高为5.50,云南菜餐馆最低为2.26（P〈0.001）。结论 在外就餐者人均一餐营养素综合水平不理想,能量及3种限制营养素含量显著高于《中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量（2013年修订版）》推荐或适宜摄入量、9种推荐营养素则远低于推荐摄入量。

Objective To study the median nutrient content of customers＇ ordering in the restaurants in Beijing. Methods The median contents of nutrients regarding ordering/per person from the customers were estimated, via combining the nutrient content of menu offering. Data, based on all weights of ingredients and Chinese food composition with all the ordered records from customers, was collected within a set period of time, from 2011 to 2013. Nutrition status was then estimated, under the Nutrient-Rich Foods（NRF）. Results The median energy intake reached 4973.9（P25-P75：3575.6-6971.0） kJ and 88.2% of the tables were exceeding the recommended energy limits, respectively, with 3347.2 kJ for lunch and 2510.4 kJ for dinner. Data was gathered from three restaurants in Beijing. In all the three restaurants, the median nutrient contents appeared 70% outnumbered the daily value of fat and cholesterol. The median sodium contents（87.9%） were also over the standard set for sodium adequate intake. In addition, the median nutrition on fibers, calcium, vitamin A, vitamin C and vitamin E were far below the recommended nutritional intakes（RNI）, in the ordering. For NRF9.3, the Wenzhou restaurant showed the highest score（5.50） but the restaurant in Yunnan appeared the lowest（2.26）, with difference statistically significant（P〈0.001）. Conclusion Eating-out habit ended in taking low nutrition with higher limited nutrients, but with low recommended nutrients, when compared to the recommended Chinese Dietary Reference Intake.