2014年全国伤害监测系统儿童头外伤就诊病例分布特征分析

Study on child head-injuries through data derived from the National Injury Surveillance System of China, 2014

目的 了解我国儿童头外伤门/急诊就诊病例的分布特征。方法 利用2014年全国伤害监测系统（NISS）数据,对首次在NISS监测点医院门/急诊室就诊的〈18岁儿童头外伤病例进行分析,了解其人口学、伤害事件和临床特征。结果 2014年NISS共收集儿童头外伤病例47690例,男童32542例,女童15148例。1-4岁年龄组所占比例最高（43.47%）。10月份、18：00是儿童头外伤的高发期。儿童头外伤伤害原因前三位的依次是跌倒/坠落（69.57%）、钝器伤（14.23%）、道路交通伤害（11.01%）。儿童头外伤主要发生在家中（44.98%）、公共居住场所（19.65%）和公路/街道（15.81%）。儿童头外伤发生时的主要活动是休闲活动（77.88%）,其次是驾乘交通工具（7.32%）,体育活动（5.72%）。2014年儿童头外伤病例以非故意伤害（95.35%）、挫伤/擦伤（71.69%）、轻度伤害（85.27%）、治疗后回家（90.25%）为主。结论 2014年NISS收集的儿童头外伤病例男童多于女童,家中是儿童头外伤发生的主要场所,跌倒/坠落、钝器伤、道路交通伤害是导致儿童头外伤发生的主要原因。

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of head injuries in children. Methods Data was derived from the Chinese National Injury Surveillance System（NISS） in 2014. Method on descriptive analysis was applied to depict general information, injuries events and clinical characteristics of head injuries among children under 18 years of age. Results A total number of 47690 cases with child head injuries in 2014 were collected, including 32542 males and 15148 females. 43.47% of them were under 1-4 years of age. In October, 06：00 PM appeared the peak time for the injuries to happen. The three leading causes responsible for child head injuries were falls（69.57%）, hit by blunt force（14.23%） or road traffic（11.01%）. Main locations responsible for the head injuries to happen were：at home（44.98%）, at public places（19.65%） or on roads/streets（15.81%）. Recreation activates（77.88%）, driving（7.32%）, sports（5.72%） were the three major activities causing the injuries to take place. Majority of the cases happened unintentionally（95.35%）, with bruise（71.69%） or mild injuries（85.27%） and went back home after treatment（90.25%）. Conclusions In 2014, child head injuries were seen more in males than in females and mostly occured at home. The leading causes for head injuries would include falls, hit by blunt stuff or road traffic.