大国政治的欧亚时刻——地缘政治经济视域下“欧亚”认知的演进及其寓意

The Eurasian Moment of Great Power Politics:Evolution of "Eurasia" Perceptions from a Perspective of Geopolitics and Geo-economics and its Implications

虽然术语"欧亚"被频繁地使用,但由于意识形态、抑或知识储备不足的原因,对其内涵及历史演进较为客观的讨论仍然相对欠缺,也未形成广泛共识。从地缘政治、地缘经济两个维度梳理迄今为止国内外学界对"欧亚"的认知,理清来自不同时代、不同国度、不同领域、不同视角的研究者眼中"欧亚"的具体指称及其演进,有助于我们理解当前正在欧亚地区大规模推进的区域化进程。地缘政治学视域下的欧亚地区正在变成一个组织结构渐趋杂乱的区域,愈加成为域内外大国展开国际竞争的大舞台。世界主要大国愈发向着与本国现实利益结合更为紧密的方向,制定新的欧亚战略。地缘经济视域下的欧亚地区,因其丰富的资源禀赋、多元的经济结构、众多跨区域的交通运输走廊等影响国际分工的要素存在,使其在世界经济发展进程继续占据不可忽视的重要地位,深刻影响着地区未来的发展面貌。概而言之,各国对"欧亚"的认知随着时代的变迁而变化,并渐趋多样化:或以本国利益为中心,或以自我价值观为标准,或以人类文明发展为导向,或以历史与现实为根据。随着国际政治"欧亚时刻"的加速到来,建构"新欧亚"被学界提上议事日程,这一目标的实现有赖欧亚各国的共同努力。

Although the terminology of ＂Eurasia＂ has been frequently employed, yet wide consensus has not been reached yet. Relatively objective discussions regarding its essence and historic evolution are still insufficient due to ideology and knowledge. This paper attempts to look back into different perceptions of academia at home and abroad regarding ＂Eurasia＂ from both geopolitical and geo-economic perspectives, trying to understand the concrete content and evolution of ＂Eurasia＂ in the eyes of researchers at different eras, from different countries, fields and viewpoints. This is conducive to understand current regionalization on a large scale in Eurasia. Geopolitically speaking, the Eurasian region is becoming a region with structures that are more disorderly. In addition, it is also turning an arena for international competition among regional powers and beyond. The major powers are drafting new Eurasian strategies according to their national interests. The Eurasia, in the geo-economic sense, is affecting important factors of international divisions of labor thanks to its affluent resources, diversified economic structure and numerous trans-regional transportation corridors. As a result, this region continues to play a significant role during the global economic development, profoundly affecting its prospects as well. In general, each country＇s perceptions towards ＂Eurasia＂ change with the times and are becoming more diversified, either focusing on national interests or taking their own values as standards, or oriented at civilizations of humans or based on history and reality. With the accelerating advent of ＂Eurasian moment＂, how to construct ＂new Eurasia＂ has been put onto agenda by the academia. All countries＇ concerted efforts will be helpful to achieve this goal.