季铵盐型聚醚改性三硅氧烷的合成与性能测试

Synthesis and properties test of quaternary ammonium salt polyether modified trisiloxane surfacant

以1,1,1,3,5,5,5-七甲基三硅氧烷(HTSO)和烯丙基环氧基聚醚(APEE)为原料,在氯铂酸催化下,经硅氢加成反应先制得环氧基聚醚改性三硅氧烷(ETS),ETS再与N,N-二甲基十二烷基叔胺(DMA12)进行开环反应合成一类新型表面活性剂——季铵盐型聚醚改性三硅氧烷(QATS)。通过IR和1HNMR对QATS的结构进行了表征,并对QATS的表面张力、发泡性、乳化力进行了测试。同时对QATS的合成条件进行了优化,最佳合成条件为:n(ETS)∶n(DMA12)=1∶1.05,反应时间6 h,反应温度80℃。性能测试结果表明:QATS溶液的临界胶束浓度(cmc)为1.0 g/L,临界胶束浓度时的表面张力(γcmc)为21.08 m N/m;质量分数为0.1%的QATS发泡力为1.93,5 min时的稳泡力为0.857;质量分数为0.5%的QATS对汽油、乙酸乙酯、异戊醇和苯的乳化力良好。

Using 1,1,1,3,5,5,5-heptamethyltrisioxane（HTSO） and allyl polyoxyalkylene glycidolether（APEE） as raw materials and chloroplatinic acid as catalyst, the epoxy group trisiloxane（ETS） was synthesized through hydrosilylation reaction. Then a new kind of quaternary ammonium salt type polyether modified trisiloxane surfactant（QATS） was prepared through the ring-opening reaction of ETS with N,N-dimethyl dodecyl tertiary amine DMA12. The structure of QATS was characterized by IR and1 HNMR, and the surface tension,foaming properties and emulsifying power of QATS were measured. The QATS synthesis conditions were optimized as follows： n（ETS）∶n（DMA12） =1∶1.05, the reaction time was 6 h and the reaction temperature was80 ℃. The experimental results showed that the surface tension（γcmc） of QATS solution was 21.08 m N/m at the critical micelle concentration（cmc） of 1.0 g/L. The foaming power of 0.1%（mass fraction） QATS solution was 1.93 and foam stability after 5 min was 0.857. The 0.5%（mass fraction） of QATS had good emulsifying power to gasoline, ethyl acetate, isoamyl alcohol and benzene.