青藏高原东北缘及其毗邻地区人口空间边际化研究

Population Spatial Marginalization Study on Northeastern of Xizang Plateau and Adjacent Area

目前国内外已有的人口空间问题研究存在"破碎化"的特点。通过建立人口边际化的研究框架和评价指标体系,基于我国"六普"、"五普"和"四普"人口普查数据,以青藏高原东北边缘和黄土高原西缘交汇地带的兰州市、临夏回族自治州、甘南藏族自治州为例,采用回归分析、多因素加权法等量化分析手段,借助地理信息技术,对研究区域内人口空间边际化的状态、特征、趋势和成因进行了研究。分析表明,人口空间边际化既是自然、社会、经济、政治、文化、教育边际化作用的结果,又是社会边际化的载体和推动力。兰州市五区的"人口极化地区"与区域的"人口边际化地区"呈现出鲜明的空间梯度差。在工业化、城市化和开放的市场经济背景下,以及在自然环境、城市区位、县区经济实力、人地关系状况等因素的综合作用下,研究区域表现出系统性、持续性的人口空间边际化特点。

There were some problems in the research of population space, which was ＂fragmentation＂. This paper established the analytical framework and evaluation system of the population marginalization. Based on the data from ＂the sixth,fifth and fourth census＂ ,taking Lanzhou, Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture and Gannan Zangzu Autonomous Prefecture（the intersection zone of northeast edge of the Xizang Plateau and the western edge of the Loess Plateau） for examples, this paper studied for the status, characteristics, trends and causes of the population spatial marginalization, by using a series of mathematical analysis tools such as regression analysis, multivariate mathematical analysis, and with the geographic information system technology. The results showed that the population spatial marginalization was not only the result of natural, social, economic, political, cultural, and educational marginalization, but also the carriers and promoters of social marginalization. The＂population polarization region＂ of five main urban areas of Lanzhou and the ＂population marginal areas＂ of other region showed a distinct spatial gradient difference. Under the environment of industrialization, urbanization and open market economy, in the comprehensive effect of natural environment, city location, economic strength and the man-land relationship, the study area showed the characteristic of systematic and persistent population spatial marginalization.