基于高频词汇的国家减负政策分析

How to make Alleviating-Burdens Program Possible:The Analysis Based on China's Policy of Alleviating Burdens on Students' High Frequency Words

对1949年以来国家颁布的6部减负政策文本进行高频词汇统计,选取16个具有代表性的高频词汇进行变化趋势分析,发现减负的重点内容从最初的时间负担到八九十年代的教学、考试负担再到21世纪的作业负担,减负的责任主体涉及教师、教育行政部门、学校和家庭、社会,前三个主体的词频波动较大,且出现被弱化的倾向,后两个逐渐成为减负的重要力量。依据变化趋势,提出三个方面的政策优化建议,一是政策制定应剖析负担产生的深层原因,形成各层协调的配套政策体系;二是从语境上使负担指向词汇获得行动意义,在"如何减负"上提供行动指南;三是充分发挥专业执行者在政策实践中的作用,将专家纳入执行群体。

Counting the high frequency words in six policy texts of alleviating burdens on students promulgated since 1949,we analyzed the changing trend of 16 typical high frequency words,and found the key task varies from original time burden to teaching and examination burden in eighties and nineties to the homework burden in the 21 st century,the subject of liability on teachers,education administrative departments,schools and families,society.The first three subject of liability＇s word frequency volatile,and appearing a tendency to be weakened,families,society have gradually become the important strength of alleviating burdens on students.According to the change trends,we put forward policy optimization suggestions from three aspects.First,policymakers should analyze the deep reasons of the burden,forming a coordinative and complete set of policy system;Second,making the burden of vocabularies obtain action meaning from the context,providing guidelines on ＂ how to alleviate the burden＂;Third,giving full play to the role of professional practitioners in the policy practice,experts should be brought into the execution group.