“国家―社会”互构关系视角下的国家治理与基层治理——兼论治理技术手段的历史变迁及当代趋向

State Governance and Grass-roots Governance from the Perspective of State-Society Mutual-construction——On the Historical Evolution and Current Trend of Technical Means of Governance

在国家治理过程中,理念构想、实践方略、技术手段是相依不离的三个方面。任何历史阶段上治理的理想状态和价值取向与制度设计和实际操作所能达到的水准与效果,最终还取决于治理技术和手段。文字书写曾引发了人类生活和治理方式的大变革,确定了传统治理的技术形态,并长期制约着基层治理的积弊沉珂,将这一复杂问题化约为四个主要方面——基层治理的成本问题、效能问题、边际效用问题和代理中介问题。在当今互联网与大数据两大核心技术快速应用的驱动下,国家治理的技术手段面临又一轮更新,以往对基层社会的层级管控和间接治理也势必随之调整。基层治理作为国家治理一个历史之问,将重新聚焦实践中的大量新问题。

In the process of state governance, the three aspects of concep- tion idea, practice strategy and technical means are interdependent with each other. The technical means of governance decide the final level and effect achieved by the ideal plan and value orientation of the governance, as well as the institutional design and practical operation, at any historical stage. Writing used to bring great changes to human life and way of governance, determine the technical form of traditional governance, control the disadvantages of grass-roots governance for a long period of time and simplify this complicated problem to four major aspects： the cost, the efficiency, the marginal utility and the intermediary agency. Driven by the rapid application of today＇s core technologies of Internet and big data, the technical means of state governance is bound to get renewed again. And the hierarchical regulation and indirect governance aimed at the grass-roots society will accordingly be adjusted. As a historical problem of state governance, grass-roots governance will again focus on numerous new problems in practice.