佤族布饶支系聚落空间的结构与象征

Structure and Symbol of Settlement Space of Burao Branch of Wa Ethnic Group

通过对滇西南翁丁村佤族布饶支系的田野考察,发现该村的聚落结构要素分别为寨心广场、民居、木依吉祭祀地和墓地。这些要素构成了神圣和凡俗两个同心圆结构,并形成了神圣/凡俗、木依吉祭祀房/墓地、世俗生活/宗教生活之间的三对关系。认为以木依吉祭祀地所处的日出方向和墓地所处的日落方向所形成的二元结构,隐喻着关于光明/黑暗、出生/死亡、接纳/疏离等的族群认知。这种二元结构的转换所借助的媒介是仪式,仪式过程中(包括公共领域和私人领域)转换的实质,是在时间、空间以及社会关系中获得认同的确定性。

Based on a field research on the Burao Branch of Wa Ethnic Group in Wengding Village of southwestern Yunnan Province, this paper finds that the （eatures of the settlement structure of the village consist of Zaixin Square, folk houses, the places for worship of Mouig and graveyards, which construct two concentric circles of holiness and secularization and form three relations： holiness/secularization; places for worship of Mouig/graveyards and secular lives/religious life. The paper holds that the dualistic structure formed by the direction of sunrise at the places for worship of Mouig and the direction of sunset at graveyards suggests the ethnic group＇s cognition regarding brightness/darkness, birth/death and admission/alienation. The transition of dualistic structure relies on the media of rites. The essence of the transition in the process of rites （in both public spheres and private spheres） lies in gaining the certainty of common recognition in time, space and social connections.