芒市傣族村寨的业力论信仰、道德财富观与社会秩序

KarmaBeliefs,Moral Views on Wealth and Social Order in Dai Villages of Mangshi City

通过在芒市傣族村寨的田野工作,认为芒市傣族村寨的财富观并非一种仅仅以"消耗"为目标的财富观,而是一种消耗和储积并重的财富观。这种财富观是与佛教信仰密切关联甚至可以说以之为核心的,其中,最根本的是基于业力论之上的信仰与实践。在这种财富观中,包括财富的消耗和储积在内的所有物质实践都是以道德为基础的:一方面,所有物质实践都被赋予了道德性,且都有着道德性的后果;另一方面,所有物质实践都要根据一定的道德标准予以执行和受到评判。

Based on the field work in Dai villages of Mangshi City, this paper finds that the view of wealth there stresses the importance of both consumption and accumulation instead of merely aiming at consumption, which is closely related to or even centered around Buddhism, especially Karma theory, upon which the belief and practice are constructed. According to such a view of wealth, morality is the basis of all the material practices including the consumption and accumulation of wealth. On one hand, all the material practices are endowed with the nature of morality so that results bear morality. On the other hand, those material practice are supposed to be conducted and evaluated in terms of certain moral standards.