文化中的身体:儒家体育观的现代意义

Research on Human Body within Culture: Modern Understanding of Confucian Views on Sport

从文化的视角对体育涉及的关键概念"身体"进行了分析,比较了中西文化体系对于"身体"的不同阐述,着重分析了中国儒家文化中的身体观。文章认为,人的身体永远是被嵌于某一文化体系中的身体,不存在有超越文化的身体,现代竞技体育对于身体有过于强调自然性层面而偏离人文精神的倾向,中国古代儒家所谈论的身体是建立在心性修养之上而非自然性本能层面的身体,儒家对身体的理解不是个体性的,而是联系于他人的存在,因此非常重视身体的礼仪实践。儒家身体观直接影响了中国古代运动的基本精神指向,对我们当今如何看待自我身体以及运动具有很大的启示。

The paper analyzes the key concept of human body which is related to sport from the perspective of culture. It compares the different description of human body in the Eastern and Western cultural systems and lays stress on the views concerning human body in Chinese Confucian culture. The paper holds that human body is always subordinate to one cultural system and there is no human body that is beyond culture. Modern competitive sport tends to place too much emphasis on naturalness and deviate from humanistic spirit. The human body talked about by the Confucians in ancient times was based on mind cultivation and not the body at the level of natural instinct. In the eyes of Confucians, human body was not an individual only, but the existence linked to other persons. Therefore, they paid great attention to body＇s etiquette practice. The Confucian views on human body have directly influenced China＇s basic spiritual direction of sports in ancient times. They still affect our views on our own bodies and sports.